Chapter 10 - Education Flashcards
What issues in education does sociology consider?
1) Rise of formal education
2) educational systems
3) experiences for different social groups
4) social factors related to educational success or failure
What is the social institution through which society provide its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills, and cultural norms and values?
Education
What is the formal instruction under the direction of specially trained teachers?
Schooling
How is education part of socialization?
Because socialization refers to all direct and indirect learning related to humans’ ability to understand and negotiate rules and expectations of the social world
How does Canada experience cultural innovation?
Through research
What ideology does education enhance?
Meritocracy
What are latent functions of education?
1) Child care
2) reduce competition for jobs
3) identifies partners
What is a critical review of education?
Reproduces the class structure
In what ways is social inequality perpetuated?
1) social control - teaches students discipline and punctuality
2) testing - transforms privilege into individual merit
3) tracking - assigning students to different types of programs, frequently according to their background
How does education as a social institution vary?
Culturally and historically
What is the growth of formal education in Canada related to?
1) Expansion of educational opportunities and requirements
2) Increasing educational opportunities among people born in Canada
3) selection of highly educated immigrants
Why was public schooling promoted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
Serving public interest for all citizenry
Why did education expand by mid 20th century?
Accommodate a growing demand
(Credentials became important for many jobs & more comprehensive education to serve needs of a progressive and expanding society)
What generation was influential in the expansion of education in the mid-20th century?
Baby Boomer
Why did education expand throughout the life course by the 1970’s?
To accommodate college and university education
What refers to the impact of rapidly changing information technologists and scientific advancements in major spheres of life?
Knowledge-based economy
The capacity to learn, innovate and apply knowledge is important in what kind of society?
Learning society
What kind of society is Canada considered to be?
Intelligence-based society
Emphasis on credentials and lifelong is associated with what factors across national settings?
Globalization and competition
What are seems as indicators of modernization and development status among populations?
High levels of education
What are barriers to education?
Girls and children of low-income households, and First Nations
Which theory examines education in terms of its role in maintains social order and stability?
Structural functional
Which sociologist viewed education as means by which society is reproduced?
Durkheim
What were Parsons’ two main functions of education?
Selection - allocates individuals with different skills/talents into appropriate jobs and social positions
Socialization - equips individuals with knowledge, capabilities to perform social and economic roles as adults
Which theory focuses on increasing technical sophistication of jobs and knowledge production?
Technical functionalism
How does education reflect meritocratic ideal?
Enables individuals to achieve success regardless of social background
What theory emphasizes the role of education as a tool for developing human capacities to create and apply new knowledge, and contribute to economic development?
Human capital theory
What is the symbolic interactionism/micro sociology theory of education?
Focuses on lives and understanding of those involved in education
Which sociologist suggested that schooling involves series of negotiations between students, teachers and parents who shape meanings, experiences and practices?
Waller
What is microsociology’s view of how education is constructed as a social institution?
Constructed through daily activity, social interactions, patterns of social relations
What is the criticism of microsociology’s view of education?
Overlooks broader contexts and structures of power, inequalities in education
What is the criticism of the structural functionalism view of education?
Overlooks persistent inequalities in education and doesn’t address differences in values, practices and content involved in education
Which theory is concerned with the role of education in maintaining or changing institutional structures and social inequalities?
Conflict theory
What did Bowles and Gintis suggest about education?
Schools serve as mechanisms for selection and preparation of students for jobs in an occupational hierarchy conditioned by capitalist interests
Which theory suggest that educational expansion serves interests of privileged groups?
Conflict theory
Which theory suggests that education reinforces various forms of social inequality?
Conflict theory
Which theorists have different waves of feminism view education as an institution to promote women’s rights, opportunities and interests?
Feminist theories
Which sociologist had an emphasis on people’s standpoints and experiences in research with an aim to change condition underpinning inequalities in education?
Smith
What is related to the lack of professional recognition, heavy regulation and practices that reflect gender-based assumptions in education?
Feminization of teaching
What is concerned with relationships between gender, race, class, in shaping student-teacher experiences, opportunities and options?
Intersectional analysis
What is concerned with power and domination in schooling and personal life?
Critical pedagogy
What are some problems in schools?
1) unprepared for workforce
2) dropping out
3) academic standards
What are 5 ways bureaucratic schools undermine education?
1) rigid uniformity
2) numerical ratings
3) rigid expectations
4) specialization
5) little individual responsibility
What is Bourdieu’s critical theory?
Examines how Education is linked to transmission of power and privilege from one generation to another
What does Canadian research draw upon in education?
Integrative approaches (personal and social-structural)
What is growing educational diversity related to?
Social and demographic changes
Why is the hidden curriculum an issue affecting educational participants?
School life imparts value, beliefs and ideas that favour students from some backgrounds more than others
What is reinforced by banking on a model of pedagogy, and the curricula tends to be transmitted in top-down fashion (teacher down to student)?
Silencing practices
How is education coordinated in Canada?
By provincial governments and implemented by local school birds
Why is growing reliance on private funding in education a concern?
Risk of increased educational inequalities
Which perspectives promote application of market-based principles to education?
Neo-liberal
What do alternative views to neo-liberalist views of education say?
Market-based approach to education is limited and doesn’t reflect commitment
What is the digital divide?
The gap in access and ability to use new technologies
How has gender-related educational differences changed over time?
They’ve diminished
How is education related to social and economic advancement?
Traditional forms of inequality diminish with increasing educational participation and attainment rates
How have educational differences between racial and ethnic groups changed over time?
Diminished because of current immigration policies, promoted sensitivity to racial diversity
What is the view of education by families?
Investment
Why might non-traditional pathways of education become a source of family tensions?
Overlap between work, school and family
How do parents influence children’s educational attainment and success?
Parental education and expectations are important factors (emphasis on early reading and literacy)
What impact have new technologies had on education?
They are integrated into teaching environments and widened access to learning resources and opportunities
