chapter 15-urinary system Flashcards
what are the functions of the kidney
- maintain the osmolarity of the blood
- excrete numerous waste products and toxic chemical
- conserve glucose, salt and water
is filtration an active or passive process and what drives it
passive and driven by the hydrostatic pressure of the blood
what is filtrate
the fluid and small solutes entering the nephron
the nephron secretes waste substances like acids, ions and other metabolites from the interstitial fluid into the filtrate by what type of transport
passive and active
where does reabsorption happen primarily in the kidney
proximal convoluted tubule
where does filtrate occur
glomerulus
major waste products excreted in the urine
H+, Urea, NH3 and K+
does osmolarity increase or decrease as you go deeper into the medulla
increase
what is the descending limb permeable to
water
what is the ascending limb permeable to
salts only
the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle is called diluting segment why
its thick bc of the extra mitochondria which make ATP to pump out Na and Cl- from the filtrate
what hormone does DCT respond to and its function
aldosterone
- it promotes sodium reabsorption
what 2 hormones does the collecting duct respond to
aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
what is the countercurrent multiplier system
a system in which energy is used to create a [ ] gradient
which hormone up regulates the active transport of Na and K along the DCT and CD resulting in a decreased excretion of Na and increase excretion of K into the urine
aldosterone
which hormone directly affects water reabsorption in the DCT and CD by opening additional aquaporins so water leaves and get reabsorbed
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
which hormone does not effect the osmolarity of the blood? aldosterone or ADH and why
aldosterone bc it reabsorbs both water and salt
what is the bicarbonate buffer system
Co2 + H20 (l) H2CO3 H+ +HCO3
for a respiratory change: when conditions are acidic what is defected, what is blood pH and the compensation
defect: increased Pco2
pH blood: decreased
compensation: increased HCO3
for a respiratory change: when conditions are basic what is defected, what is blood pH and the compensation
defect: decreased Pco2
pH blood: increased
compensation: decreased HCO3
for metabolic change when conditions are acidic what is defected, what is blood pH and the compensation
defect: decreased HCO3
pH blood: decreased
compensation: decreased PCO2
for metabolic change when conditions are basic what is defected, what is blood pH and the compensation
defect: increased HCO3
pH blood: increased
compensation: increased PCO2
