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DAT-biology > chapter 13-Endocrine system > Flashcards

chapter 13-Endocrine system Flashcards

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1
Q

where is GnRH- Gonadotropin releasing hormone formed and its function

A

hypothalamus

- stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH

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2
Q

where is TRH formed and what does it do

A

hypothalamus

- stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete T3 and T4 thyroid hormones

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3
Q

where is GHRH formed and what does it do

A

hypothalamus

- stimulates the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone (GH)

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4
Q

hormones that directly act on their target organs

A

direct hormones

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5
Q

hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones

A

topical hormones

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6
Q

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and causes maturation of ovarian follicles which in turn secrete estrogen and in men stimulates the seminiferous tubules and sperm production

A

FSH

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7
Q

is FSH a direct or topical hormone

A

topical

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8
Q

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and causes ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum and regulates progesterone in women and in men stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes for synthesis of testosterone

A

LH

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9
Q

is LH a direct or topical hormone

A

topical

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10
Q

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary but stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocortioicds and regulates CRF

A

Adrenocorticopic hormone ( ACTH)

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11
Q

is Adrenocorticopic hormone ( ACTH) topical or direct

A

topical

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12
Q

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production in female mammary glands

A

prolactin

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13
Q

what NT is formed in the anterior pituitary have pain relieving properties

A

endorphins

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14
Q

what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary promote bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis an lipid mobilization and catabolism

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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15
Q

where is MSH ( melanocyte-stimulating hormone) produced

A

anterior pituitary

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16
Q

where is oxycontin produced and where is it stored

A

produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

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17
Q

which hormones function is to increase the strength and frequency of uterine muscle contraction

A

oxytocin

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18
Q

what kind of feedback loop does oxytocin have

A

positive

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19
Q

where is ADH produced and where is it stored

A

hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary

20
Q

where is ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormone) produced and what results from its stimulation

A

it is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones called adrenocortical steroids

21
Q

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens are the 3 major classes of what type of hormones and where are they produced

A

corticosteroids and in the adrenal cortex

22
Q

what are the mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone) stimulated by and inhibited by

A

angiotensin II and inhibit bed ANP

23
Q

where is androgen produced and its function

A

in the adrenal cortex and in women it gives them masculizing effect

24
Q

where is epinephrine produced and what is its function

A

adrenal medulla and function is to increase the conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver and muscle cells causing an increase in blood glucose levels and increase in basal metabolic rate
- it will inhibit the function of digestion

25
Q

what hormones increase the rate and strength of the heartbeat and dilate and constrict blood vessel so that there is an increase in blood supply to the skeletal muscle, heart and brain while decreasing the blood supply to the kidneys skin and digestive tract and release of lipids in adipose tissue

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

26
Q

what are the 2 functions of the thyroid

A

1) metabolism regulation including growth for children through T3 and T4
2) regulation of blood Ca levels through the release of Calcitonin

27
Q

what is hypothyroidism + symptoms

A

the thyroid hormone is under secreted or not secreted at all
symptoms: slowed heart & respiratory rate, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain

28
Q

what is hyperthyroidism + symptoms

A

thyroid is overstimulated =oversecretiion of thyroid hormone
symptoms: increased metabolic rate, excessive warmth, profuse sweating, palpitations, weight loss, protruding eyes

29
Q

what does calcitonin do

A

decreases plasma Ca concentration by inhibiting the release of Ca from bone and promoting the storage of Ca in bone

30
Q

what is parathyroid hormone and where is it released

A

produced in the parathyroid gland and it regulates plasma Ca concentration by raising Ca excretion in the kidney

31
Q

alpha cells in the pancreases produce and secrete ___

A

glucagon

32
Q

beta cells in the pancreases produce and secrete ___

A

insulin

33
Q

what type of hormone is glucagon

A

peptide hormone

34
Q

when is glucagon released and what does it stimulate

A

when blood glucose levels are low and it stimulates protein and fate degradation, the conversion of glycogen to glucose and gluconeogenesis all of which serve to increase blood glucose levels

35
Q

what type of hormone is insulin

A

peptide hormone

36
Q

when is insulin released and what does it stimulate

A

it is secreted when blood glucose levels are high, it acts as a glucose transporter on the cell membrane of liver, muscle and adipose tissue =uptake of glucose

37
Q

what is hyperglycemia

A

high blood glucose level

38
Q

what endocrine disorder results from underproduction of insulin or insensitivity to insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

39
Q

what type of diabetes is most common

A

type II

40
Q

which type of diabetes as no plasma insulin

A

type I

41
Q

which type of diabetes is hereditary

A

type iI

42
Q

which type of diabetes caused obesity

A

type II

43
Q

what is EPO ( erythropoietin) and where is it produced

A

a glycoprotein and the kidneys produce it it stimulates RBC production

44
Q

what is renin

A

an enzyme that converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

45
Q

what releases secretin and what does it secrete

A

small intestine when acidic chyme enters from the stomach secretin secretes an alkaline bicarbonate solution from the pancreas to neutralize it

46
Q

what release gastrin and what does it do

A

stomach releases gastrin and it stimulates the gastric glands to secret HCl in response to food in the stomach

47
Q

what hormone secreted by the pineal gland plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm

A

melatonin

DAT-biology (16 decks)

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