chapter 13-Endocrine system Flashcards
where is GnRH- Gonadotropin releasing hormone formed and its function
hypothalamus
- stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH
where is TRH formed and what does it do
hypothalamus
- stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete T3 and T4 thyroid hormones
where is GHRH formed and what does it do
hypothalamus
- stimulates the anterior pituitary to release growth hormone (GH)
hormones that directly act on their target organs
direct hormones
hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
topical hormones
what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and causes maturation of ovarian follicles which in turn secrete estrogen and in men stimulates the seminiferous tubules and sperm production
FSH
is FSH a direct or topical hormone
topical
what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and causes ovulation and maintenance of the corpus luteum and regulates progesterone in women and in men stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes for synthesis of testosterone
LH
is LH a direct or topical hormone
topical
what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary but stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocortioicds and regulates CRF
Adrenocorticopic hormone ( ACTH)
is Adrenocorticopic hormone ( ACTH) topical or direct
topical
what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary and stimulates milk production in female mammary glands
prolactin
what NT is formed in the anterior pituitary have pain relieving properties
endorphins
what hormone is formed in the anterior pituitary promote bone and muscle growth and promotes protein synthesis an lipid mobilization and catabolism
Growth hormone (GH)
where is MSH ( melanocyte-stimulating hormone) produced
anterior pituitary
where is oxycontin produced and where is it stored
produced in the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
which hormones function is to increase the strength and frequency of uterine muscle contraction
oxytocin
what kind of feedback loop does oxytocin have
positive
where is ADH produced and where is it stored
hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary
where is ACTH ( adrenocorticotropic hormone) produced and what results from its stimulation
it is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones called adrenocortical steroids
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens are the 3 major classes of what type of hormones and where are they produced
corticosteroids and in the adrenal cortex
what are the mineralocorticoids ( aldosterone) stimulated by and inhibited by
angiotensin II and inhibit bed ANP
where is androgen produced and its function
in the adrenal cortex and in women it gives them masculizing effect
where is epinephrine produced and what is its function
adrenal medulla and function is to increase the conversion of glycogen to glucose in liver and muscle cells causing an increase in blood glucose levels and increase in basal metabolic rate
- it will inhibit the function of digestion
what hormones increase the rate and strength of the heartbeat and dilate and constrict blood vessel so that there is an increase in blood supply to the skeletal muscle, heart and brain while decreasing the blood supply to the kidneys skin and digestive tract and release of lipids in adipose tissue
epinephrine and norepinephrine
what are the 2 functions of the thyroid
1) metabolism regulation including growth for children through T3 and T4
2) regulation of blood Ca levels through the release of Calcitonin
what is hypothyroidism + symptoms
the thyroid hormone is under secreted or not secreted at all
symptoms: slowed heart & respiratory rate, fatigue, cold intolerance, weight gain
what is hyperthyroidism + symptoms
thyroid is overstimulated =oversecretiion of thyroid hormone
symptoms: increased metabolic rate, excessive warmth, profuse sweating, palpitations, weight loss, protruding eyes
what does calcitonin do
decreases plasma Ca concentration by inhibiting the release of Ca from bone and promoting the storage of Ca in bone
what is parathyroid hormone and where is it released
produced in the parathyroid gland and it regulates plasma Ca concentration by raising Ca excretion in the kidney
alpha cells in the pancreases produce and secrete ___
glucagon
beta cells in the pancreases produce and secrete ___
insulin
what type of hormone is glucagon
peptide hormone
when is glucagon released and what does it stimulate
when blood glucose levels are low and it stimulates protein and fate degradation, the conversion of glycogen to glucose and gluconeogenesis all of which serve to increase blood glucose levels
what type of hormone is insulin
peptide hormone
when is insulin released and what does it stimulate
it is secreted when blood glucose levels are high, it acts as a glucose transporter on the cell membrane of liver, muscle and adipose tissue =uptake of glucose
what is hyperglycemia
high blood glucose level
what endocrine disorder results from underproduction of insulin or insensitivity to insulin
diabetes mellitus
what type of diabetes is most common
type II
which type of diabetes as no plasma insulin
type I
which type of diabetes is hereditary
type iI
which type of diabetes caused obesity
type II
what is EPO ( erythropoietin) and where is it produced
a glycoprotein and the kidneys produce it it stimulates RBC production
what is renin
an enzyme that converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
what releases secretin and what does it secrete
small intestine when acidic chyme enters from the stomach secretin secretes an alkaline bicarbonate solution from the pancreas to neutralize it
what release gastrin and what does it do
stomach releases gastrin and it stimulates the gastric glands to secret HCl in response to food in the stomach
what hormone secreted by the pineal gland plays a role in the regulation of circadian rhythm
melatonin
