chapter 12-mascular and skeletal systems

Question 1

what are chondrocytes

Answer 1

cells responsible for synthesizing cartilage

Question 2

what type of bone does not appear to have any cavities

Answer 2

compact bone

Question 3

what type of bone is found at the ends of long bones in the pelvic bones, skull and vertebra, is less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules

Answer 3

spongy bone

Question 4

what type of spongy marrow inactivates and unfiltered by adipose tissue

Answer 4

Yellow marrow

Question 5

what type of spongy marrow in blood cell formation

Answer 5

Red marrow

Question 6

osteoblasts

Answer 6

synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix

Question 7

osteoclasts

Answer 7

large, multinucleated cells involved in bone reaborption where bone is broken down and Ca is released into the blood

Question 8

endochondral ossification

Answer 8

is the formation of bone by existing cartilage is replaced by bone ex long bone

Question 9

intramembranous ossification

Answer 9

mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into and replaced by bone

Question 10

T or F ligaments serve as skeletal muscle to bone connectors

Answer 10

F, they are bone to bone

Question 11

T or F tendons attach skeletal muscle to bone and bend the skeleton at the movable joints

Answer 11

True

Question 12

the point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone ( proximal end in limb)

Answer 12

origin

Question 13

the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves ( distal end in the limb muscles)

Answer 13

insertion

Question 14

the myofibers are enveloped by a modified by and endoplasmic reticulum that stores Ca ions

Answer 14

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

what is the cell membrane of skeletal muscles ( muscle fiber) called that is capable of propagating an AP and is connected to a system of transverse tubules oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils

Answer 15

sarcolemma

Question 16

T or F the T system can propagate an AP

Answer 16

True

Question 17

the link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton) and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber

Answer 17

neuromuscular junction

Question 18

T or F potassium ions initiate the contraction of the sarcomere by binding to troponin C on the actin filament

Answer 18

false, Ca

Question 19

what is the response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold, and consists of a latent period a contraction period and relaxation period

Answer 19

simple twitch

Question 20

what is the muscle response when the fibres of a muscle are exposed to a frequent stimuli and the muscle cannot fully relax

Answer 20

temporal summation aka tetanus

Question 21

what is the muscle response that is sate of partial contraction where muscles are never completely relaxed and maintained a partially contraction state of all time

Answer 21

tonus

Question 22

what type of muscle is found in the digestive tract, bladder, uterus and blood vessel walls

Answer 22

smooth muscles

Question 23

what type of muscle is

• non striated
• one nuclei
• involuntary
• smooth, continuous contractions

Answer 23

smooth muscle

Question 24

what type of muscle is

• striated
• 1-2 nuclei per cell
• involuntary
• strong, forceful contractions

Answer 24

cardiac muscle

Question 25

what type of muscle is

• striated
• multinucleated cells
• voluntary
• strong forceful contractions

Answer 25

skeletal muscle

Question 26

creatine phosphate

Answer 26

where energy is stored in vertebrates