chapter 12-mascular and skeletal systems Flashcards
what are chondrocytes
cells responsible for synthesizing cartilage
what type of bone does not appear to have any cavities
compact bone
what type of bone is found at the ends of long bones in the pelvic bones, skull and vertebra, is less dense and consists of an interconnecting lattice of bony spicules
spongy bone
what type of spongy marrow inactivates and unfiltered by adipose tissue
Yellow marrow
what type of spongy marrow in blood cell formation
Red marrow
osteoblasts
synthesize and secrete the organic constituents of the bone matrix
osteoclasts
large, multinucleated cells involved in bone reaborption where bone is broken down and Ca is released into the blood
endochondral ossification
is the formation of bone by existing cartilage is replaced by bone ex long bone
intramembranous ossification
mesenchymal (embryonic or undifferentiated) connective tissue is transformed into and replaced by bone
T or F ligaments serve as skeletal muscle to bone connectors
F, they are bone to bone
T or F tendons attach skeletal muscle to bone and bend the skeleton at the movable joints
True
the point of attachment of a muscle to a stationary bone ( proximal end in limb)
origin
the point of attachment of a muscle to the bone that moves ( distal end in the limb muscles)
insertion
the myofibers are enveloped by a modified by and endoplasmic reticulum that stores Ca ions
sarcoplasmic reticulum
what is the cell membrane of skeletal muscles ( muscle fiber) called that is capable of propagating an AP and is connected to a system of transverse tubules oriented perpendicularly to the myofibrils
sarcolemma
T or F the T system can propagate an AP
True
the link between the nerve terminal (synaptic bouton) and the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber
neuromuscular junction
T or F potassium ions initiate the contraction of the sarcomere by binding to troponin C on the actin filament
false, Ca
what is the response of a single muscle fiber to a brief stimulus at or above the threshold, and consists of a latent period a contraction period and relaxation period
simple twitch
what is the muscle response when the fibres of a muscle are exposed to a frequent stimuli and the muscle cannot fully relax
temporal summation aka tetanus
what is the muscle response that is sate of partial contraction where muscles are never completely relaxed and maintained a partially contraction state of all time
tonus
what type of muscle is found in the digestive tract, bladder, uterus and blood vessel walls
smooth muscles
what type of muscle is
- non striated
- one nuclei
- involuntary
- smooth, continuous contractions
smooth muscle
what type of muscle is
- striated
- 1-2 nuclei per cell
- involuntary
- strong, forceful contractions
cardiac muscle
what type of muscle is
- striated
- multinucleated cells
- voluntary
- strong forceful contractions
skeletal muscle
creatine phosphate
where energy is stored in vertebrates
