chapter 14- Digestive system

Question 1

what is the order of food as it goes down

Answer 1

pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus

Question 2

what does salivary amylase ( ptyalin) do

Answer 2

hydrolyzes starch to maltose

Question 3

what is bolus

Answer 3

food that is being swallowed

Question 4

what is involuntary muscular contract that moves bolus down the esophagus

Answer 4

peristalsis

Question 5

what is the lower esophageal ( cardiac) sphincter

Answer 5

a muscular structure that closes the stomach off

Question 6

__ cells in gastric pits secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining from the harshly acidic juice (pH=2) present in the stomach

Answer 6

mucous cells

Question 7

__ cells in the gastric glands synthesize pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin upon contact with stomach acid an break down proteins

Answer 7

chief cells

Question 8

__ cells present within gastric glands synthesize and release hydrochloric acid which alters the pH of the stomach, kills bacteria and produces intrinsic factor (IF) which is necessary for the absorption of Vit B12``

Answer 8

Parietal cells

Question 9

what is the end product of the stomach

Answer 9

chyme

Question 10

where is the primary site of digestion in the small intestine

Answer 10

duodenum

Question 11

is digestion in the small intestine mechanical, chemical or both

Answer 11

chemical

Question 12

what kind of enzymes aids in the digestion in the small intestines

Answer 12

lipases, aminopeptidases, an disaccharides

Question 13

is the small intestine acid or basic

Answer 13

basic

Question 14

what organ produces bile and what organ stores it and where is it released

Answer 14

liver and gallbladder and small intestine

Question 15

this mc emulsifies fats, breaks down large globules into small triplets

Answer 15

bile

Question 16

what is the first pass effect

Answer 16

blood from the small intestines containing newly absorbed compounds is directly sent to the liver for detoxification before entrance into general circulation

Question 17

what enzymes does the pancreases release in digestion

Answer 17

amylase, lipase and trypsinogen

Question 18

where is enterokinase produced and what does it activate

Answer 18

small intestine, it activates trypsin

Question 19

what organ secretes a bicarbonate rich juice that neutralizes the acidic chyme arriving from stomach in the duodenum

Answer 19

pancreases

Question 20

what organ is the gut flora located

Answer 20

large intestine

Question 21

what hormone is produced in the G cels of the duodenum

Answer 21

gastrin

Question 22

what hormones function is to stimulate histamine and pepsinogen secretion as well as increase gastric blood flow AND stimulates the parietal cells to produce Hal which denatures proteins and activate digestive enzymes

Answer 22

gastrin

Question 23

what hormone is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach that facilities the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestine lining

Answer 23

intrinsic factor

Question 24

where is cholecystokinin (CKK) produced and stored

Answer 24

in the I cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa

Question 25

what hormone is involved in the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme and somatostatin secretion as well as gallbladder contraction AND acts as hunger suppressant

Answer 25

cholecytoskinin (CKK)

Question 26

where is secretin synthesized and stored

Answer 26

S cells of the upper intestine

Question 27

what hormone stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-containing substances from the pancreas and inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid production

Answer 27

secretin

Question 28

what hormone is synthesized in the brain and the gut serves as the “hunger hormone”

Answer 28

Ghrelin

Question 29

what hormone is synthesized primarily in adipose tissue and acts on the brain to reduce hunger and provide a stated state

Answer 29

leptin