chapter 14- Digestive system Flashcards
what is the order of food as it goes down
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus
what does salivary amylase ( ptyalin) do
hydrolyzes starch to maltose
what is bolus
food that is being swallowed
what is involuntary muscular contract that moves bolus down the esophagus
peristalsis
what is the lower esophageal ( cardiac) sphincter
a muscular structure that closes the stomach off
__ cells in gastric pits secrete mucus to protect the stomach lining from the harshly acidic juice (pH=2) present in the stomach
mucous cells
__ cells in the gastric glands synthesize pepsinogen which is converted to pepsin upon contact with stomach acid an break down proteins
chief cells
__ cells present within gastric glands synthesize and release hydrochloric acid which alters the pH of the stomach, kills bacteria and produces intrinsic factor (IF) which is necessary for the absorption of Vit B12``
Parietal cells
what is the end product of the stomach
chyme
where is the primary site of digestion in the small intestine
duodenum
is digestion in the small intestine mechanical, chemical or both
chemical
what kind of enzymes aids in the digestion in the small intestines
lipases, aminopeptidases, an disaccharides
is the small intestine acid or basic
basic
what organ produces bile and what organ stores it and where is it released
liver and gallbladder and small intestine
this mc emulsifies fats, breaks down large globules into small triplets
bile
what is the first pass effect
blood from the small intestines containing newly absorbed compounds is directly sent to the liver for detoxification before entrance into general circulation
what enzymes does the pancreases release in digestion
amylase, lipase and trypsinogen
where is enterokinase produced and what does it activate
small intestine, it activates trypsin
what organ secretes a bicarbonate rich juice that neutralizes the acidic chyme arriving from stomach in the duodenum
pancreases
what organ is the gut flora located
large intestine
what hormone is produced in the G cels of the duodenum
gastrin
what hormones function is to stimulate histamine and pepsinogen secretion as well as increase gastric blood flow AND stimulates the parietal cells to produce Hal which denatures proteins and activate digestive enzymes
gastrin
what hormone is secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach that facilities the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestine lining
intrinsic factor
where is cholecystokinin (CKK) produced and stored
in the I cells of the duodenal and jejunal mucosa
what hormone is involved in the stimulation of pancreatic enzyme and somatostatin secretion as well as gallbladder contraction AND acts as hunger suppressant
cholecytoskinin (CKK)
where is secretin synthesized and stored
S cells of the upper intestine
what hormone stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate-containing substances from the pancreas and inhibits gastric emptying and gastric acid production
secretin
what hormone is synthesized in the brain and the gut serves as the “hunger hormone”
Ghrelin
what hormone is synthesized primarily in adipose tissue and acts on the brain to reduce hunger and provide a stated state
leptin
