Chapter 15 Stress, Coping, and Health Flashcards
Stressors
Situations that place demands on organisms that tax or exceed their resources
stress
A pattern of cognitive appraisals, physiological responses, and behavioral tendencies that occurs in response to stressors
life event scales
Questionnaire that measure the number of positive and negative life events that have occurred over a specific time period
primary appraisal
The initial appraisal of the situation determining whether an event is a threat
secondary appraisal
One’s judgment of the adequacy of personal resources needed to cope with the stressor
general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and three stages
Selye’s Description of the body’s responses to a stressor: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion
Alarm reaction
A rapid increase in physiological arousal
resistance
The body’s resources continue to be mobilized so that the person can function despite the presence of the stressor
exhaustion
If the stressor is intense and persist for too long the body’s resources may be dangerously depleted
Rape trauma syndrome
A pattern of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses that occurs in response to the trauma of being raped
neurotocism
A personality trait that involves a tendency to experience high levels of negative affect and to behave in self-defeating ways
vulnerability factors
Increase people susceptibility to stressful events
protective factors
Environmental or personal resources that help people fare better in the face of stress
hardiness and 3 c’s
A stress resistant personality pattern. That involves the factors of commitment, control, and challenge
coping self-efficacy
Beliefs relating to our ability to deal effectively with a stressful stimulus or situation, including pain
Type A personality
A personality type involving a sense of time urgency, pressured behavior, and hostility that appears to be a risk factor and coronary heart disease
Type B personality
A relaxing agreeable personality type, with little sense of time urgency
Type C personility
A personality pattern characterized by inhibition of negative emotions that may be a risk factor in the development of cancer
physiological toughness
Relations between two classes of hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in the face of stress
problem-focused coping
Coping strategies that involve direct attempts to confront and master a stressful situation
emotion focused coping
Coping strategies directed at minimizing or reducing emotional responses to a stressor
seeking social support
Turning to others for assistance and emotional support in times of stress
health psychology
The study of psychological and behavioral Factors in the prevention and treatment of illness and in the maintenance of health
health-enhancing behaviours
Behaviors, such as exercise and good dietary habits, that support and increase health and longevity
health-compromising behaviours
Behaviors, such as poor dietary habits and unprotected sexual activity, that impair health and reduce longevity
transtheoretical model and six stages
six major stages in change model: 1. precontemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action 5. maintenance 6. termination
aerobic excercise
Sustained activity that elevates the heart rate and body’s need for oxygen
motivational interviewing
A treatment approach that avoids confrontation and leads clients to their own realization of a problem and to increased motivation to change
multimodal treatments
Substance-abuse interventions that combine a number of treatments, such as aversion therapy and coping skills training
relapse
A complete return to a previous undesirable behavior and an abandonment of attempts to change
lapse
A one time return to an undesirable behavior patterns, usually and a high-risk situation
abstinence violation effect
Becoming upset or self blaming over the failure to remain abstinence and viewing that the lapse as proof that she are she would never be strong enough to resist temptation
harm reduction
A prevention strategy that is designed not to eliminate problem behavior, but traduced its harmful consequences
gate control theory
Theory that proposes that the experience of pain results from the opening and closing of “gating mechanisms” in the nervous system
endorphins
Natural opiate like substances that are involved in pain reduction
stress-induced analgesia
A reduction in sensitivity that occurs when endorphins are released under stressful conditions
placebos
An interactive or ignorant substance that has no medicine no value but is believed by patient to be helpful
yo-yo dieting
Big up and down weight fluctuations that caused the accumulation of abdominal fat to increase
