Chapter 15 Stress, Coping, and Health

Question 1

Stressors

Answer 1

Situations that place demands on organisms that tax or exceed their resources

Question 2

stress

Answer 2

A pattern of cognitive appraisals, physiological responses, and behavioral tendencies that occurs in response to stressors

Question 3

life event scales

Answer 3

Questionnaire that measure the number of positive and negative life events that have occurred over a specific time period

Question 4

primary appraisal

Answer 4

The initial appraisal of the situation determining whether an event is a threat

Question 5

secondary appraisal

Answer 5

One’s judgment of the adequacy of personal resources needed to cope with the stressor

Question 6

general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and three stages

Answer 6

Selye’s Description of the body’s responses to a stressor: alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion

Question 7

Alarm reaction

Answer 7

A rapid increase in physiological arousal

Question 8

resistance

Answer 8

The body’s resources continue to be mobilized so that the person can function despite the presence of the stressor

Question 9

exhaustion

Answer 9

If the stressor is intense and persist for too long the body’s resources may be dangerously depleted

Question 10

Rape trauma syndrome

Answer 10

A pattern of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses that occurs in response to the trauma of being raped

Question 11

neurotocism

Answer 11

A personality trait that involves a tendency to experience high levels of negative affect and to behave in self-defeating ways

Question 12

vulnerability factors

Answer 12

Increase people susceptibility to stressful events

Question 13

protective factors

Answer 13

Environmental or personal resources that help people fare better in the face of stress

Question 14

hardiness and 3 c’s

Answer 14

A stress resistant personality pattern. That involves the factors of commitment, control, and challenge

Question 15

coping self-efficacy

Answer 15

Beliefs relating to our ability to deal effectively with a stressful stimulus or situation, including pain

Question 16

Type A personality

Answer 16

A personality type involving a sense of time urgency, pressured behavior, and hostility that appears to be a risk factor and coronary heart disease

Question 17

Type B personality

Answer 17

A relaxing agreeable personality type, with little sense of time urgency

Question 18

Type C personility

Answer 18

A personality pattern characterized by inhibition of negative emotions that may be a risk factor in the development of cancer

Question 19

physiological toughness

Answer 19

Relations between two classes of hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in the face of stress

Question 20

problem-focused coping

Answer 20

Coping strategies that involve direct attempts to confront and master a stressful situation

Question 21

emotion focused coping

Answer 21

Coping strategies directed at minimizing or reducing emotional responses to a stressor

Question 22

seeking social support

Answer 22

Turning to others for assistance and emotional support in times of stress

Question 23

health psychology

Answer 23

The study of psychological and behavioral Factors in the prevention and treatment of illness and in the maintenance of health

Question 24

health-enhancing behaviours

Answer 24

Behaviors, such as exercise and good dietary habits, that support and increase health and longevity

Question 25

health-compromising behaviours

Answer 25

Behaviors, such as poor dietary habits and unprotected sexual activity, that impair health and reduce longevity

Question 26

transtheoretical model and six stages

Answer 26

six major stages in change model: 1. precontemplation 2. contemplation 3. preparation 4. action 5. maintenance 6. termination

Question 27

aerobic excercise

Answer 27

Sustained activity that elevates the heart rate and body’s need for oxygen

Question 28

motivational interviewing

Answer 28

A treatment approach that avoids confrontation and leads clients to their own realization of a problem and to increased motivation to change

Question 29

multimodal treatments

Answer 29

Substance-abuse interventions that combine a number of treatments, such as aversion therapy and coping skills training

Question 30

relapse

Answer 30

A complete return to a previous undesirable behavior and an abandonment of attempts to change

Question 31

lapse

Answer 31

A one time return to an undesirable behavior patterns, usually and a high-risk situation

Question 32

abstinence violation effect

Answer 32

Becoming upset or self blaming over the failure to remain abstinence and viewing that the lapse as proof that she are she would never be strong enough to resist temptation

Question 33

harm reduction

Answer 33

A prevention strategy that is designed not to eliminate problem behavior, but traduced its harmful consequences

Question 34

gate control theory

Answer 34

Theory that proposes that the experience of pain results from the opening and closing of “gating mechanisms” in the nervous system

Question 35

endorphins

Answer 35

Natural opiate like substances that are involved in pain reduction

Question 36

stress-induced analgesia

Answer 36

A reduction in sensitivity that occurs when endorphins are released under stressful conditions

Question 37

placebos

Answer 37

An interactive or ignorant substance that has no medicine no value but is believed by patient to be helpful

Question 38

yo-yo dieting

Answer 38

Big up and down weight fluctuations that caused the accumulation of abdominal fat to increase