Chapter 14 - Treatment to Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Insight
the conscious awareness of the psycho-dynamics that underlie psychological problems
Free association
In psychoanalysis, the procedure of verbalizing All thoughts that enter consciousness without censorship
Resistance
Defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy
Transference
Occurs when the client responds irrationally to the analyst as if they were important figure from the clients past
Interpretation
Any statement by the therapist intended to provide the client with insight into his or her behavior or dynamics
Interpersonal therapy
A form of brief therapy that focuses on the clients interpersonal problems and seeks to develop new interpersonal skills
Rogers’s three important interrelated therapist attributes
Unconditional positive regard - Communicated when therapists show clients they care and aren’t judging them
Empathy - the willingness to view the world through the clients eyes
Genuineness - consistency between the way the therapist feels, and the way the y behave
Ellis’s Rational emotive therapy - ABCD
A - activating event that seems to trigger the emotion
B - belief system that underlies the way in which a person appraises the event
C - consequences for emotion of that behaviour
D - disputing or challenging an erroneous belief system
self-instructional training
a cognitive coping approach of giving adaptive self-instructions to oneself at crucial phases of the coping process
exposure
a therapeutic technique designed to extinguish anxiety responses by exposing clients to anxiety-arousing stimuli or situations while preventing escape or prevention through response prevention
response prevention
the prevention of escape or avoidance responses during exposure to an anxiety-arousing CS so that extinction can occur
flooding
client being exposed to real-life stimuli
implosion therapy
imagine scenes involving the stimuli
systematic desensitization
elimination anxiety using counter conditioning
Counterconditioning
a new response that is incompatible with anxiety is conditioned to the anxiety arousing CS
stimulus hierarchy
in systematic desensitization, the creation of a series of anxiety-arousing stimuli that are ranked in terms of the amount of anxiety they evoke
social skills traning
clients learn new skills by observing and then imitating a model who performs a socially skillful behaviour
psychodynamic behaviour therapy
an integration of psychoanalysis and behaviour therapy
eclectic
combining treatments and making use of whatever orientations and therapeutic techniques seem appropriate to the particular client they are treating
virtual reality (VR)
the use of computer technology to create highly realistic “virtual environments” that stimulate actual experience vividly
culturally competent therapists
use knowledge about the client’s culture to achieve a broad understanding of the client
specificity question
which type of therapy, administered by which kinds of therapists to which kinds of clients having which kinds of problems, produce which kinds of effects?
spontaneous remission
symptom reduction in the absence of any treatment
randomized clinical trials
a research design that involves the random assignment of clients having specific problems to an experimental (therapy) group or to a control condition so as to draw sound causal conclusions about the therapy’s efficiency
meta-analysis
allows researchers to combine the result of many studies to arrive at an overall conclusion
effect size statistic
common measure of treatment effectiveness
dodo bird verdict
finding of similar efficacy for widely differing therapies
clinical significance
require that at the end of therapy, clients’ depression scores fall withing the range for nondepressed people
openess
client’s general willingness to invest themselves in therapy and take the risks required to change themselves
self-relatedness
clients ability to experience and understand internal states such as thoughts and emotions
dose-response effect
relation between the amount of treatment received and the quality of the outcome
common factors
1) faith in the therapist and help
2) plausible explanation for their problems
3) protective setting for experiences &support
4) opportunity to practice new behaviours
5) increased optimism and self-efficacy
efficacy
whether a therapy can produce positive outcomes exceed those in appropriate control conditions
effectiveness
the outcomes that psychotherapy has in the real-life settings of clinical practice
tardive dyskinesia
an irreversible motor disorder that can occur as a side effect of certain antipsychotic drugs
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
a biomedical technique involving the application of electrical current to the brain that is used primarily to reduce severe depression
deinstituionalization
transfer the primary focus of treatment from the mental institution to the community
situation-focused prevention
directed at reducing or eliminating the environmental causes of behaviour disorders or at enhancing situational factors that help the development of disorders
competency-focused prevention
designed to increase personal resources and coping skills
placebo control group
a control group that receives an intervention that is assumed to have no therapeutic value
