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AP Psychology Terms > Chapter 13 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

vulnerability-stress model

A

States that everyone has some degree of vulnerability to developing a given psychological disorder

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2
Q

vulnerability

A

a predisposition that can have a biological basis, such as our genotype, a brain malfunction, or a hormonal factor

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3
Q

stressor

A

situationsthat place demands on organisms that tax or exceed their resouces

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4
Q

abnormal behaviour

A

behavior that is personally distressful, personally disfuntional, and/or so culturally deviant that other people judge it to be innapropriate or maladaptive

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5
Q

reliability

A

in psychological testing
the consistency with which a measure assesses a given characteristic,
or different observers agree on a given score

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6
Q

validity

A

the extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to

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7
Q

insanity

A

a legal decision that a defendant was so severely impaired at the time a crime was committed that they were incapable of appreciating the wrongfulness of the act or of controlling their behaviour

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8
Q

anxiety disorders

A

a group of behaviour disorders in which anxiety and associated maladaptive behaviours are the core of the disturbance

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9
Q

phobias

A

strong and irrational fears of certain objects or situations

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10
Q

agoraphobia

A

a fear of open and public places

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11
Q

social phobias

A

excessive fear of situations in which a person might be evaluated and possibly embarrased

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12
Q

specific phobias

A

fear of dogs, snakes, spiders, airplanes, etc

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13
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

a chronic state of diffuse, or “free-floating”, anxiety that is not attached to specific situations or objects

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14
Q

panic disorders

A

anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks and a fear that another will occur; may result in agoraphobia

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15
Q

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

an anxiety disorder characterized by persistent and unwanted thoughts and compulsive behaviours

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16
Q

obsession

A

repetitive and unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that invade consciousness, are often abhorrent to the person, and are very difficult to dismiss or control

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17
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive behavioral responses that can be resisted on with great difficulty

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18
Q

biological preparedness

A

the notion that evolutionary factors have produced an innate readiness to learn certain associations that have had survival implications in the past

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19
Q

neurotic anxiety

A

occurs when unacceptable impulses threaten to overwhelm the ego’s defenses and explode into action

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20
Q

culture-bound disorders

A

disorders that only occur in certain places

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21
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

an intense fear of being fat and severely restrict their food intake to the point of self starvation

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22
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

binge and purging because of a fear of being fat

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23
Q

mood disorders

A

maladaptive mood states, such as depression or mania

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24
Q

major depression

A

a mood disorder characterized by intense depression that interferes markedly with functioning

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25
Q

dysthymia

A

a depressive mood disorder of moderate intensity that occurs over a long period of time but does not disrupt functioning as a major depression does

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26
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mood disorder in which intermittent mania appears against a background of depression

27
Q

mania

A

a state of highly excited mood and behavior that is quite the opposite of depression

28
Q

depressive cognitive triad

A

negative thoughts concerning:

1) the world
2) oneself
3) the future seems to pop into consciousness automatically

29
Q

depressive attributional pattern

A

taking no credit for successes but blaming themselves for failure maintains

30
Q

learned helplessness theory

A

depression occurs when people expect that bad events will occur and that there is nothing they can do to prevent or cope with them

31
Q

somatoform disorders

A

involve physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem, but which have no known biological cause and are not produced by the person

32
Q

hypochondriasis

A

people become alarmed about any physical symptom they detect, and are convinced that they have or are about to have a serious illness

33
Q

pain disorder

A

experience intense pain that either is out of proportion to whatever medical condition they might have or for which no physical basis can be found

34
Q

conversion disorder

A

serious neurological symptoms suddenly occur

35
Q

dissociative disorders

A

disorders which involve a major dissociation of personal identity or memory

36
Q

psychogenic amnesia

A

a person responds to a stressful event with extensive but selective memory loss

37
Q

psychogenic fugue

A

a more profound dissociative disorder in which a person loses all sense of personal identity, gives up their customary life, wanders to a new faraway location, and establishes a new identity

38
Q

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

multiple personality disorder, two or more separate personalities coexist in the same person

39
Q

trauma-dissociation theory

A

the development of new personalities occurs in response to severe stress

40
Q

schizoprenia

A

a psychotic disorder that involves severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion, and behaviour

41
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs that are sustained in the face of evidence that normally would be sufficient to destroy them

42
Q

hallucinations

A

false perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality

43
Q

Subtypes of Schizoprenia

A

1) Paranoid type
2) Disorganized type
3) Catatonic type
4) Undifferentiated Type

44
Q

Paranoid type of schizoprenia

A

delusional thinking and suspiciousness

45
Q

disorganized type

A

verbal incoherence, disordered thought processes, disorganized behaviour and inappropriate emotional responses

46
Q

catatonic type

A

alternating dazed states and agitate excitement during which the person can be quite dangerous

47
Q

undifferentiated type

A

some of the symptoms of other types of schizophrenia but not enough to be placed in one category

48
Q

Type I schizoprenia

A

characterized by a predominance of positive symptoms

49
Q

positive symptoms

A

delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech and thinking

50
Q

Type II schizophrenia

A

characterized by negative symptoms

51
Q

negative symptoms

A

an absence of normal reactions

52
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

the symptoms of schizophrenia - particularly positive symptoms - are produced by an over-activity of dopamine system in areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behaviour, and cognitive functioning

53
Q

regression

A

a person retreats to an earlier and more secure stage of psychological development in the face of overwhelming anxiety

54
Q

expressed emotion

A

high levels of criticism, hostility and over involvement

55
Q

personality disorders

A

exhibit stable, inflexible and maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving

56
Q

externalizing disorders

A

directed toward the environment in the form of behaviors that are disruptive and often aggressive

57
Q

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

A

problems may take the form of attentional difficulties, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or a combination of two that results in impaired functioning

58
Q

oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

A

consistently behave in a disobedient, defiant, and hostile manner that interferes with the child’s functioning and interpersonal relationships

59
Q

conduct disorder

A

violate important social norms and show disregard for the rights of others

60
Q

internalizing disorders

A

involve maladaptive thoughts and emotions

61
Q

dementia

A

the gradual loss of cognitive abilities that accompanies bran deterioration and interferes with normal functioning

62
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

leading cause of dementia in the elderly

63
Q

Competency

A

A defendant state of mind at the time of judicial hearing. Not at the time The crime was committed

64
Q

Suicide

A

Willful taking of someone’s Own life

AP Psychology Terms (11 decks)

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