Chapter 15

Question 1

personality interacts with situations in the social environment in 3 ways: _____, _____, ______ -> social environment

Answer 1

selection, evocation, manipulation

Question 2

everyday we make choices (small, big, become part of larger decision). personality characteristics of others influence if we choose them as friends, dates or mates. our personality characteristics play role in kinds of situations we select to enter and stay in. ie extrovert will chose environments that are going to help expose them to different people, place selves in loud action packed situations, and hang out with mates/people who have similar interests. determines much of social world. ie, marriage selection shows how it works as when asked to pick 3 most important characteristics, mutual love/attraction is the ____ favoured especially in individualized society, dependibility is also ___ ranked personality characteristic, followed by emo stability/low neuro and pleasing disposition

involves _____ selection (should I attend this party, should I take the job). ______ selection emphasizes eco mechanism of selection when choosing a partner - you pick social acts you will experience and a network of friends and family

Answer 2

selection, most, most, situational, mate

Question 3

postulates opposites attract

Answer 3

complimentary needs theory

Question 4

states we are drawn to those who are most similar. people dominant may be attracted to dominant people because they like someone who oushes back, as people may also like extraverts if they’re extraverted so they can party together

Answer 4

attraction simularity theory

Question 5

theory that has stood test of time / experimental compared to complimentary needs theory and attraction simularity. says that people intercact w, prefer company of, and marry those similar in personality to them. also seen in physical traits like height, ses, ear lobe length

people pick those who are most similar to selves even across physical characteristics like nose breadth, weight

Answer 5

assortative mating

Question 6

botwin studied dating and married couples. correlated preferences for big 5 desired in a mate and their own traits, correlations werew consistently -_____, between own personality and ideal partner meaning people look for these mates. actual personality of obtained mates was also examined, and ____ people get the mates they wnat on average for personality especially prevalent w ____ and _____. people are happier if married to partners who are high on agreeableness, openness to experience and emo stability which is the _____ _____: people rate partners higher on these 3 and then they decrease over the years.

Answer 6

positive, most, extraversion, openness, honeymoon effect

Question 7

says break ups should be more common when one’s partner does not posses desired characteristics (are violated compared to when fulfilled). people seek dependible and emo stab, and those who fail to chose are at a higher risk for divorce, along with those who fail to get what they want - including a similar mate

Answer 7

violation of desire theory

Question 8

once we select others in social environment, another set of processes is employed in how we behave in the environment (response is illicited), unintentional, our personality characteristics evoke responses. seen in aggression/hostility. ____ ____ ___ looks at how hostile people infer hostile intent on part of others in face of uncertain behaviour from others, you will treat them more aggressively.

Answer 8

evocation, hostile atttibution bias

Question 9

in relationships, 2 ways anger is evoked: _____ ____that evoke a response - (getting mad about a messy house) or __ ____ that upset original elicitor

Answer 9

perform actions, elicit actions

Question 10

form of evocation where peoples beliefs about personality characteristics of others cause them to evoke in others actions that are consistent with initial beliefs snyder and swann studied this and found that peoples beliefs ___ lead them to behave aggressively toward unsuspecting target, then target ____ behave more aggressively which ___ confirm initial beliefs

Answer 10

expectancy confirmation. did, did, did

Question 11

also called social influence. includes how we intentionally or unintentionally alter, change or exploit others. no negative connotations in this context. personality is linked to how we exploit people in environment. ask if some are more manipulatiev than others, if yes what personality characteristics predict? ie. Andrew trying to charm then boast, then coercion.

Answer 11

manipulation

Question 12

2 step process of manipulation. how many tactics were found?

Answer 12

1. nomination acts of influence - what do you do when yiou want someone to do something for you like a chore?
2. factor analysis of self report and observer reports of nominated acts

11 total

Question 13

i try to be loving when asking them do do it

Answer 13

charm

Question 14

i yell at them until they do it

Answer 14

coercion

Question 15

i dont respontd until they do it

Answer 15

silent treatment

Question 16

i explain why i want them to do it

Answer 16

reason

Question 17

i whine until they do it

Answer 17

regression

Question 18

i act submissive until they do it

Answer 18

self abasement

Question 19

i get them to make a commitment to doing it

Answer 19

responsibility invocation

Question 20

i hit them so theyll do it

Answer 20

hardball

Question 21

i shown them how fun it is so theyll do it

Answer 21

pleasure induction

Question 22

i tell them everyone else is doing it

Answer 22

social comparison

Question 23

i offerthem money so they will do it

Answer 23

monetary reward

Question 24

high extraversion/dominance predicts to 2 manip techniques

Answer 24

coercion, repsonibility invocation

Question 25

low extraversion/dominance use 2 manipualtion techniques

Answer 25

self abasement or hardball

Question 26

high agreeableness people use 2 manipulation tactics

Answer 26

pleasure induction/reason

Question 27

low agreeablesss people use 2 manip tactics

Answer 27

coercion silent tratment

Question 28

high conscientous people use this manipulation technique

Answer 28

reason

Question 29

high neuroticism people use these manipulation techniques

Answer 29

anything thats useful manily regression

Question 30

high intellect openness uses

Answer 30

pleasure induction, responsibility invocation

Question 31

low intellect openness uses

Answer 31

social comparison

Question 32

manipulative strategy of social interaction personality style that uses other people as tools for personal gain. takinga dvanctage of you

Answer 32

machiavellianism

Question 33

someone w _____ tend to select situations w less structure, untethered by rules restricting their strategies, evoke reactions from others if found, manipulate in predictable ways using exploition, self serving and deception

Answer 33

high machiavellianism

Question 34

style of inflated self admiration and constant attempt to draw attention to self and keep others focused on self. high is define by being grandiose, self centered, interpersonally exploitative. associate w people who admire them and reflect their positive view they ahve of themself. exhibitionism splits people some view as brilliant while others see as selfish. highly exploitative of others

Answer 34

narcissism

Question 35

there is a steady ____ in the rate of narcissism. especially in college students born after 1982. likely because self esteem in school was taught, which backfired. me centered blogging and social media.

Answer 35

increase

Question 36

Summarize the processes through which personality influences physical and social environments.

Answer 36

individuals in everyday life are not exposed to all situations - individuals w certain personality dispositions seek out and selectively avoid social situations. personality affects how we influence, change, exploit and manipulate others who we've chosen to be associated w

Question 37

t/f - personality characteristics dont play a central role in choosing a partner

Answer 37

f. they do

Question 38

gay couples are ____ homogenous in age and edu than straight couples, while lesbian couples are ____ homogenous in age only than different sex couples. straight couples resembled each other ____ on the big 5, while gay couples were only similar on _____

Answer 38

less, less, more, extraversion

Question 39

evidence that positive correlations on personality variables between partners in committed relationships are due, at least in part, to ____ social preferences based on the personality characteristics of those doing the selecting. Subsequent studies have confirmed that people actively prefer romantic partners who are similar to ____ on extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect–openness. However, most people consider the “ideal” romantic partner personality to be someone who is _____ on extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability than they are

Answer 39

direct, themselves, higher

Question 40

the key to happiness is having a partner who is z___, _____, and ___, regardless of whether the partner departs in specific ways from what one wants

Answer 40

agreeable, emo stable, open

Question 41

Researchers found that ___ women differed substantially from their non-___ counterparts in choosing the smaller bets that were linked with a higher likelihood of winning. The non-___ women, in contrast, chose the riskier bets with a lower likelihood of winning but with a larger payoff if they did win.

Answer 41

shy, shy, shy

Question 42

The husbands high on ___ tended to upset their partners by being condescending—treating their wives’ opinions as unintelligent or inferior and placing more value on their own opinions. The husbands who scored low on ____, in contrast, tended to upset their wives by having extramarital affairs. By far the strongest predictors of evoked anger and upset, however, were the personality characteristics of ____ and ____ ____. ___ husbands evoked anger and upset in their wives in the following ways: being condescending, such as treating them as if they were inferior; neglecting and rejecting them, such as failing to spend enough time with them and ignoring their feelings; abusing them, such as slapping, hitting, or spitting; committing infidelity; abusing alcohol; insulting their appearance, such as calling them ugly; and exhibiting self-centredness. Low ___ of the husband was a better predictor of evoking upset in the wife than any other personality variable in the study. Indeed, disagreeable individuals, because of their anger, jealousy, and antisocial behaviour, tend to evoke a great deal of relationship conflict

Answer 42

dominance, conscientousness, disagreeableness, emotional stability, disagreeable, agreeableness