Chapter 12 Flashcards
interpreting info, sensation, emotion, synthesizing info, producing language, reaction time, and other workings of the mind are referred to by this umbrella term
cognition
our perceptions/evaluation are based not on personal experiences, but on ____ to certain events , news outlets, events(trump vs Obama photos). your behaviour ___ be impacted by people you’ve never met and events you’ve never been affected by and situations that have never been in everyday decision making.
exposure, can
___ ___ to personality focus on differences in how people process information. ____ refers to awareness and thinking and specific mental acts (perceiving, interpreting, remembering, believing, anticipating). and all these activities transform sensory input into mental representations (____ ___)
cog approaches.cognition. info processing
cog personality psych are interested in ways we ___ and ____ about situations along with ___ we use to solve problems in environment that impact us
process, think. tools
looking outside and appreciating a beautiful sunset is an example of _____
cognition
t/f - we only process info we are consciously aware of
f - we process unconscious too
3.5 levels of cognition that personality psychologists are into
perception, interpretation, conscious goals and a bonus related to cog- intelligence
process of imposing order on information received by our sense organs. happens when looking at “the dress”. not just looking at world you are seeing it from your unique perspective (intrinsic/innate). objectively the dress is the same, but how we perceive it reflects our inherent differences.
perception
process of making sense of, or explaining, events in the world. “why did this happen” “what does this mean”
interpretation
after perceiving/interpreting, we set standards and goals people develop for evaluating themselves and others. we set up a process in matching/meeting these goals, these are how we clarify for ourselves meeting our objectives. maybe age or culture specific
conscious goals
we all perceive reality via our own lens (____ ____) - based on sensory and perceptual systems. 2 individual differences in perception style: ____ _____ ___, ___ ___ _ ____ ____ ____
mental representation, field dependence independence, pain tolerance and sensation reducing augmenting
field ____ people can focus on details despite the clutter of background info. (details first and filer our unnecessary)
field ____ people see big picture more readily than details, more focused on surrounding context. (not biased tendency is to see big)
everyone has tendency to either focus on everything or who first notice connections then individual aspects or are quicker to notice individuals aspects
measured by the ____ and the ______
measures show that this is stable over time, measures are stable w time
independent, dependent, rod and frame test (rft), embedded figures test (eft)
ingenius test, people are sat in dark room w chair, no visual clues, given joystick and are told to align the rod and frame. fi - snoring external cues around rod and use body orientation as a guide, while fd - adjust rod in direction of tilted frame
rod and frame test (RFT)
find hidden figures and it is timed. faster time - fi, slower time to find - fd
embedded figures test (eft)
field ___ people are better able to attend to task relevant cues, are less distracted by extrneous details in environment, more prone to analytic way of thinking, while field ____ people do not perform as well in unfamiliar situations marked by unusual degrees of novelty or lack of structure there
independent, dependent
field ____ people favour natural sciences, math, engineering, while field _____ favour education and social sciences. for interpersonal relationships, field ___ people are more interpersonally detached, whereas field ____ people are more attentive to social cues and are oriented towards others.
independent, dependent, independent, dependent
t/f - field independent people are always shy introverts
f - detachment doesnt mean they are introverted
field ____ people are less likely to get distracted and screen out info while focusing on a task (police officer study = shooting accuracy), and students learn more effectively who have this trait in multimedia based environments (embedded points, selective attention)
independent
people with ____ pain tolerance (augmenters) have a ns that amplifies or augments subjective impact of sensory input. people with ____ pain tolerance (reducers) have a ns that dampens or reduces effects of sensory info. this augment or reduce is due to the immune system.
____ seek strong stimulation, maybe to compensate for lower sensory reactivity (thrill seeking) and may use substances to artificially lift their arousal level
low, high, reducer
describes ones interpretation of who has responsibility for what happens to them. _____ believe they control their destiny, _____ believe others control your destiny
locus of control, internal, external
people base their expectations about what will happen in a new situation based on stable expectancies about their ability to influence events. people w ____ loc generalized expectancies that events are out of control (chance, luck, fate), ____ loc posit that he’s reinforce events are under ones own control and they themselves are responsible for major life outcomes.
generalized expectancies, external, internal
this loc is pessimistic, low energy, looking for external events to feel powerful (eyore). conditions as they are, lower efforts to deal w health, lower levels of psych adjustment but MORE satisfaction in nonresponsive environments (more peace), few environments like this in real life
external
this loc reflects I can do it even not knowing what it is, believe challenges can be overcome. energized, motivated to pursue action that may have more risk/reward, but still tendency to pursue. more positive outcomes like academic achievement, better relations, more effort to learn, positive toward exercise, lower smoking, lower hypertension/heart attack
internal
when subjected to unp[leasent/inescapable circumstances, animals and people become passive and accepting of a situation. uncontrollable bad event -> perceived lack of control -> generalized helpless behaviour. explored by seligman with dogs who were put in condition 1 w inescapable shock, and 2 would have escapable where nose button would be pressed to stop. would then be put in shuttle box w dimmed light and 10 seconds after they would get shocked unless they jumped to safety. even in condition 2, dogs who were in inescapable shock responded w agitation but then took the shock.
learned helplessness
