Chapter 14 Flashcards
when asking tell me about yourself, many
struggle to give an answer
___ ___ IS THE BASIS FOR SELF understanding. forms an answer to who am i, what do i value, what do i stand for. it ____ change as we grow. structure for self esteem, social identity and social constructs
self concept, can
james was one of the first to take into scientific field. said the self can have 2 different meanings - ____, which is anything we objectify about ourselves (object) that can be observed, and described by self and others. aka episemiological self. ____, reflects how you feel about the other one, has the bility to observe the self - how do YOU feel if you lie, volunteer, etc. internal observer of the other, notions of value and justice that may/may not be manifested in other. aka ontological self
me, i
t/f when discussing the self concept - we dont only talk about objects or feelings, we think about ideas and values we have.
t
the self concept begins during ____. immediate environment (friends and parents ie.) ____ how you feel about yourself
infancy, impact
infant gradually realizes it is ____ from world. at ___-___ years old, children graduate rouge test, id and associate w themselves according to sex and age, and self concept is extended to include family reference. at __ -___, sc is based on developoing skills and talents
distinct, 2,3,3,4
get an infant at about 18-20 weeks, put red dot on nose and put in front of mirror, if they touch nose they know reflection in mirror is ___, reflecting _____ ____. will wipe the mirror if they ____ know its them. most 18mo ____. at 24 mo_______. earliest documented case is ___ mo
rouge test, them, self concept, dont, pass, many if not all pass. 15
age ___-___, begin to compare skills and abilities to others (social comparison), become aware that their private world in head and begin to test by lying or keeping secrets (private self concept). majot preoccupation of ___ years is perspective taking, very aware of being perceives by others. ability to see perspective opf self from others so self conscious (objective self concept), can take perspectives of others, see self as object of others attention eventually taper s off, which marks beginning of objective self awareness, which continues thru life
5,6,teen
objective self awareness can be disruptive, referred to as ____ effect, which i s based on idea that we are center of world and assume our features is way more visible to others compared to what they actually see/think. studies show when you bring people in lab under guise of memory, had to wear a t shirt with a face in front of a big panel of people, many ____ actually notice despite person thinking they ____, reflecting an ______ of factor of 2. we do because everyone else does
spotlight effect, didnt, did, overestimate
spotlight effect is normal, but ____ means theres too much of a spotlight. characterized by severe discomfort in social situations in being perceived. shy people ___ want friendships and interactions, ____ introverted, but due to fears and insecurities this is hard. Kagan research looked at the reactivity of people in social situatiuons. found w ____ children, when exposed to novel situation they will be looking around for safety person, and see how they develop.saw that ch who were shy when young later as teens _____ developed social anxiety, not all, because parents of shy kids encouraged their socializations. Shyness - social anxiety, shy people interpret social situations _____ and expect judgement. shy people have a more reactive ____ in the brain
shyness. do, arent, young, negatively, few, amygdala
specific knowledge structures or cog representations of the self concept
some self ones include
- ___ ___ -
- ____ ___
- ___ ____
creating schemas for future selves = ___ ___
self schemas: dircet attention, organize encoding, influence retrieval
possible selves
all or nothing thinking, mental filter, conclusion jumping, emotional reasoning, labelling, over generalizing, disqualifying the positive, magnification, critical words and personalization are all ____ thinking styles. have to do with schemas we have about ourselves
unhelpful
the first glimmer of ___ ___ occurs when child sees we have standards of behaviour and the child either thinks they meet it or no. later, we develop ___ standards that are part of sef concepts, if inconsistent w wordl standards = drop
self esteem
measured by asking how much people like themselves, varies hourly and daily, stays same on average. people evaluate selves differently in different parts of life which is why it is variable.
self esteem
this person projects successful, prosperous and thriving self image
high self esteem
this person focuses on avoiding failiure
tow self esteem
if a disappointment in one area of life, ____ se people bounce back because they focus on areas they feel good about, wheras ___ se generalize failiure to whole life
high, low
perform worse and give up earlier on task - ___ se. failiure spurs them into action on other tasks - ____ se
low, high
Way of protecting from low self esteem/self concept. can motvate, refers to idea that you may have peace w failing and convince self you will fail. overprepare and rehearse and it doesnt come true (me w tests). only issue is that it tends to lead to distress when youre convinced you will fail you are in agitated state and it can bother people and be annoying
defensive pessimism
way of protecting from low self esteem/ self concept. does not help us. deliberately do things that increase likelohood of not doing well, blame failiure on activities you did to self handicap not because you didnt work. does not motivate you will take on other tasks instead of working toward a goal.
self handicappinf
social definition of a person. characterized by ___: people can count on you to be same person tomorrow as today, and ____; differentiates you from others and make you unique
identity: continuity, contrast
social component of self - what you show to world
social identity
erikson was the 1st to coin term identity and proposed that it can be achieved by _____ with identities and by adopting a ready made _____ role (prominent in collectivist culture - arranged marriages, taking over family business)
experimenting, social
baumeister argues for 2 types of identity crises - _____ no adequate identity you dont know yourself well bevause what you show/display to world isnt making you happy so something is lacking, ____ incompatibility between multiple aspects of identity (2 or more clashing). can happen at any time, most often in ____ years, can mean this deficit can happen in ____ age (deficit). situations like immigration can lead to identity ____
deficit, conflict, teen, middle, conflict
