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Psychology > Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological disorders

A

persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions (view by mental health workers)

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2
Q

When behavior is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

A

psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered.

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3
Q

When behavior is —, —, and —– psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered.

A

deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional

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4
Q

behavior in one culture may be considered normal, while in others it may lead to arrest.

A

Deviant

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5
Q

Situational Context

A

Social situation, behavioral setting, or general circumstances in which behavior takes place

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6
Q

Cultural Relativity

A

Judgments are made relative to the values of one’s culture

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7
Q

Deviant behavior must accompany

A

distress

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8
Q

If a behavior is ——- it is clearly

a disorder.

A

dysfunctional

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9
Q

The American Psychiatric Association rendered a

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to describe psychological disorders.

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10
Q

describes nearly 300 psychological disorders compared to 60 in the 1950s.

A

The DSM-IV-TR

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11
Q

Insanity

A

A legal term;

refers to an inability to manage one’s affairs or to be unaware of the consequences of one’s actions

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12
Q

Those judged insane (by a court of law)

A

are not held legally accountable for their actions

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13
Q

Anxiety

A

Feelings of apprehension, dread, or

uneasiness

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14
Q

Adjustment Disorders

A

When ongoing stressors cause emotional disturbance and push people
beyond their ability to effectively cope

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15
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Symptoms

A
  1. Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and
    apprehension. 2. Autonomic arousal. 3. Inability to identify or avoid the cause of
    certain feelings.
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16
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Minutes-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, shortness of breath or irregular heartbeat.

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17
Q

Top 10 Fears of Men and Women Combined - 2000

A
  1. Fear of snakes 2. Fear of being buried alive 3. Fear of heights 4. Fear of being bound or tied up 5. Fear of drowning 6. Fear of public speaking 7. Fear of hell 8. Fear of cancer 9. Fear of tornadoes and hurricanes 10.Fear of fire
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18
Q

Top 5 Fears of Men

A
  1. Fear of being buried alive 2. Fear of heights 3. Fear of snakes 4. Fear of drowning 5. Fear of public speaking
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19
Q

Top 5 Fears of Women

A
  1. Fear of snakes 2. Fear of being bound or
    tied up
  2. Fear of being buried alive 4. Fear of heights 5. Fear of public speaking
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20
Q

What Else Do We Fear

A
  • Giving a speech (36%) more than meeting new people (12%)
  • Embarrassing ourselves in a sport (44%) more than asking someone out for a date (35%)
  • Being stranded in the ocean (62%) more than being stranded in the desert (24%)
  • The IRS (57%) more than God (30%)
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21
Q

What Else Do We Fear (2/2)

A

• BUT, we equally fear • Rats and dentists (58%) • Elevators and flying (52%) • Public speaking and being alone in the woods
(40%)

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22
Q

Phobia

A

Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior

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23
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Phobia of open places

24
Q

Acrophobia

A

Phobia of heights

25
Q

Claustrophobia

A

Phobia of closed spaces

26
Q

Hemophobia

A

Phobia of blood

27
Q

Obsession

A

persistence of unwanted thoughts

28
Q

Examples of obsessions

A

– Concerns with dirt, germs, or toxins – Something terrible happening (fire, death or illness) – Symmetry, order or exactness

29
Q

Compulsions

A

urges to engage in senseless rituals

30
Q

Examples of compulsions

A

– Excessive hand washing, bathing, tooth brushing, or grooming
– Repeating rituals (in/out of a door, up/down from a chair)
– Checking doors, locks, appliances, car brake, homework

31
Q

% of the population will develop OCD

A

2-3%

32
Q

OCD more common among

——

A

teens and young adults

33
Q

OCD tends

A

to run in families

34
Q

Exposure therapy helps

A

Patient is exposed to the situation that brings
on the compulsive behavior, but is prevented
from engaging in it.

35
Q

Antidepressant drugs can help

A

OCD

36
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic event.

37
Q

Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD):

A
  1. Haunting memories 2. Nightmares 3. Social withdrawal 4. Jumpy anxiety 5. Sleep problems
38
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

A person who lacks a conscience, typically emotionally shallow, impulsive, selfish, and manipulative toward others
• Create a good first impression and are often charming

39
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder oftentimes called

A

psychopaths or sociopaths

40
Q

Histrionic

A

Seek a lot of attention and tend to overreact.

41
Q

Narcissistic

A

Have an unrealistic sense of self-importance, cannot take criticism, manipulate people, and lack empathy

42
Q

Borderline

A

Often emotionally unstable, impulsive, unpredictable, irritable, and anxious

43
Q

Forms of mood disorders

A
  1. Major depressive disorder 2. Bipolar disorder
44
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are not caused by drugs or medical conditions

45
Q

Signs of Major Depressive Disorder

A
  1. Lethargy and fatigue 2. Feelings of worthlessness 3. Loss of interest in family & friends 4. Loss of interest in activities
46
Q

Depression: Age of First Onset

A
  • Seldom identified before adolescence
  • Diagnoses increase in early adulthood
  • Most commonly diagnosed in middle age
  • First diagnoses rare among the elderly
47
Q

Sex Differences in Depression

A
  • Equally common in boys and girls during puberty

* Afterwards, women are twice as likely to experience depression as men

48
Q

Sex Diffs in Depression: Hormonal Differences

A

• Women experience more rapid hormonal changes than men do (menstrual cycles, pregnancy, childbirth and menopause)

49
Q

Sex Diffs in Depression: Coping Style Differences

A
  • Men generally try to distract themselves when they are feeling depressed.
  • Women tend to dwell on their feelings more.
50
Q

Genetic Predisposition to Depression

A
  • Probability of becoming depressed is increased if close biological relatives have/had depression.
  • Having adoptive relatives who have/had depression also increases that probability.
  • Probability is especially high if biological relatives were diagnosed with depression before age 30.
51
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

When one’s moods alternate between extremes of mania and depression

52
Q

% of US adults diagnosed with bipolar disorder

A

about 1%

-typically begins in early 20s

53
Q

During mania,

A

person is constantly active and uninhibited

– may be very happy or very irritabl

54
Q

Depressive Symptoms

A 
Gloomy
Withdrawn
Inability to make decisions
Tired
Slowness of thought
55
Q

Manic Symptoms

A 
Elation
Euphoria
Desire for action
Hyperactive
Multiple ideas
56
Q

Prevalence of Disorders: Sex and Geography

A
  • Women suffer more than men from anxiety and mood disorders.
  • Men suffer more than women from substance abuse and antisocial disorders.
  • Rural Americans just as likely as urbanites to suffer from disorders

Psychology (14 decks)

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