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JC Science > Chapter 14 - Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Plant Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

New individuals are formed from only one parent

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2
Q

What are runners?

A

Asexual reproduction where the plant produces special stems called runners. At a certain distance runner forms a new root and new shoot

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3
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

To sex cells unite

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4
Q

Gamete

A

A sex cell

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5
Q

Sexual reproduction in plants involves…

A

i) Pollination
ii) Fertilisation
iii) Seed and fruit formation
iv) Seed and fruit dispersal
v) Germination

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6
Q

What is the function of the sepals?

A

Protect the flower when it is a bud

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7
Q

What is the function of the petals?

A

Protect the internal parts of the flower. In many plants the petals are brightly coloured to attract insects

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8
Q

What is the function of the carpel?

A

The female part of the flower.

  • Each carpel produces the egg cell.
  • The nucleus of the egg is the female gamete.
  • Some have more than one carpel
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9
Q

What is the function of the stamen?

A

The male part of the flower.

  • Produces pollen grains.
  • The nucleus in the pollen grain is the male gamete.
  • Most flowers have a large number of stamens
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10
Q

What parts of the flower make up the carpel?

A 
○Stigma
○Style
○Ovary
○Egg
○Ovule
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11
Q

What parts of the flower make up the stamen?

A

○Filament

○Anther

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12
Q

What is the function of the stigma?

A

Place where pollen grains will land

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13
Q

What is the function of the style?

A

Connects the stigma to the ovary. In some plants the style is very short

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14
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Contains one or more ovules. Each ovule produces an egg. The nucleus of the egg is the female gamete

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15
Q

What is the function of the filament?

A

Stalk that supports the anther. Ensures the anthers are high up in the flower, so pollen can leave easily

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16
Q

What is the function of the anther?

A

Makes pollen grains. The nucleus in each pollen grain is the male gamete

17
Q

Pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from a stamen to a carpel

18
Q

What are the agents used for pollination?

A

Wind and insects

19
Q

Fertilisation

A

Joining of the male and female gametes to form a zygote

20
Q

How does fertilisation take place?

A
  1. Pollen carried to top of carpel
  2. Pollen forms tube which grows down through carpel
  3. Pollen nucleus, male gamete, passes down pollen tube.
  4. Male gamete joins to nucleus of egg, female gamete
  5. Fertilisation takes place in base of carpel
  6. Zygote will grow to form seed
  7. Seed consists of young plant surrounded by food supply
  8. Seed or seeds become surrounded by another food supply called fruit
21
Q

The embryo of a plant consists of…

A

○Plumule

○Radicle

22
Q

What is the plumule?

A

Will form the future shoot of a plant

23
Q

What is the radicle?

A

Will form the future roots of a plant

24
Q

Dispersal

A

The carrying of a seed as far as possible from the parent plant

25
Q

Why are seeds dispersed far from the parent plant?

A

Reduces competition between the seedlings and parent plant for light, space, water and minerals

26
Q

What are the main methods of seed dispersal?

A

○Wind
○Animal
○Self dispersal
○Water

27
Q

Describe wind dispersal

A

The seeds are often small and light, or have special devices so the wind can carry them further. e.g Dandelions have a ‘parachute’ and sycamore seeds have wings like helicopters

28
Q

Describe animal dispersal

A

There are two ways:

  • Swallow the fruit (and seeds). The fruit is digested and the seeds are passed out sometime later. e.g Blackberries
  • Fruit/seeds stick to the animal and are carried away to fall off later. e.g Burdock
29
Q

Describe self dispersal

A

Usually involves the fruit (pod) bursting open when ripe meaning the seeds are flung as far away as possible

30
Q

Describe water dispersal

A

Some fruits/seeds are able to float. This allows them to be carried away by streams, rivers and ocean currents e.g coconuts

31
Q

Germination

A

The growth of a seed to form a new plant

32
Q

What are the conditions necessary for germination?

A

Water, oxygen and a suitable temperature

JC Science (44 decks)

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