Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Motor neurons that:
-Innervate smooth muscle cardiac muscle, and glands
-Make adjustments to ensure optimal support for body activities
-Operate via subconscious control
Involuntary Nervous System: Fight-or-Flight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Somatic Versus Autonomic Nervous Systems

A 
Both have motor fibers
Differences
-Effectors
-Efferent pathways and ganglia
-Target organ responses to neurotransmitters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Effectors

A 
Somatic nervous system
-Skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System
-Cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle
-Glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Efferent Pathways and Ganglia

A

Somatic Nervous System

  • Cell body in CNS
  • Thick, myelinated fibers
  • Spinal or cranial nerve to skeletal muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autonomic Nervous System Pathway uses 2-Neuron Chain

A
  1. Pre-ganglionic Neuron
    - In CNS has a thin lightly myelinated axon
  2. Post-ganglionic Neuron
    - Autonomic ganglion outside CNS
    - Nonmyelinated axon extends to effector organ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Neurotransmitter Effects: Somatic Nervous System

A
  • All somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh)

- Effects always stimulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Neurotransmitter Effects: Autonomic Nervous System

A

Pre-ganglionic fiber release ACh
Post-ganglionic fibers release norepinephrine or ACh at effectors
Effect is either stimulatory of inhibitory, depending on type of receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Overlap of Somatic and Autonomic Function

A

Most spinal and many cranial nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers
Adaptations usually involve both skeletal muscles and visceral organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic division
Parasympathetic division
Dual innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dual Innervation

A

All visceral organs served by both divisions but cause opposite effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Role of Parasympathetic Division

A 
Maintenance activities and conserves body energy 
-Directs digestion
Person relaxing and reading after a meal
-low BP and Heart Rate
-Gastrointestinal tract activity high
-Pupils constricted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Role of Sympathetic Division

A 
Mobilizes body during activity "Fight or Flight" system
-Exercise
-Excitement
-Emergency
-Embarrassment
Increased BP and Heart Rate, Tensed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Role of the Sympathetic Division During Vigorous Physical Activity

A

Shunts blood to skeletal muscles and heart
Dilates bronchioles
Causes liver to release glucose
Run away to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sympathetic Trunks and Pathways

A

Paravertebral ganglia vary in size, position, and number
There are 23 paravertebral ganglia in the sympathetic trunk (chain)
-3 Cervical
-11 Thoracic
-4 Lumbar
-4 Sacral
-1 Coccygeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pathways with Synapses in Trunk Ganglia: Fibers that Innervate

A

Sweat Glands
Arrector Pili Muscles
Vascular Smooth Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathways to Head

A

Fibers synapse in the superior cervical ganglion
These fibers:
-Innervate skin and blood vessels of the head
-Stimulate dilator muscles of the iris
-Inhibit nasal and salivary glands
-Innervate smooth muscle of upper eyelid
-Branch to heart

17
Q

Pathways to Thorax

A

These Fibers Innervate:

  • Heart vis the cardiac plexus
  • Thyroid gland and the skin
  • Lungs and esophagus
18
Q

Pathways to Abdomen

A

Post-ganglionic fibers serve the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and kidneys

19
Q

Pathways to Pelvis

A

Post-ganglionic fibers serve the distal half of large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the reproductive organs
Primarily inhibit activity of muscles and glands in abdominopelvic visceral organs

20
Q

Pathways with Synapses in the Adrenal Medulla

A

Upon stimulation, medullary cells secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine into blood

21
Q

Visceral Pain

A

Visceral pain afferent travel along same pathways as somatic pain fibers, contributing to phenomenon of referred pain

22
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Cholinergic Fibers

Adrenergic Fibers

23
Q

Cholinergic Fibers

A

Release ACh

  • All ANS pre-ganglionic axons
  • All parasympathetic post-ganglionic axons at effector synapse
24
Q

Adrenergic Fibers

A

Release Norepinephrine

-Most sympathetic post-ganglionic axons

25
Q

Interactions of the Autonomic Divisions

A

Most visceral organs have dual innervation
Dynamic antagonism allows for precise control of visceral activity
-Sympathetic division increase heart and respiratory rates, and inhibits digestion and elimination
-Parasympathetic division decreases heart and respiratory rates, and allows for digestion and discarding wastes

26
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

Long

Body Wide Effects

27
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

Short

Localized

28
Q

Control of ANS Function

A

Hypothalamus
-Main integrative center of ANS activity
Subconscious cerebral input
-via limbic system structures on hypothalamic centers
Other controls come from cerebral cortex, reticular formation, and spinal cord

29
Q

Hypothalamic Controls

A

Control may be direct or indirect

30
Q

Centers of Hypothalamus Controls

A

Heart activity and blood pressure
Body temperature, water balance, and endocrine activity
Emotional stages (rage, pleasure) and biological drives (hunger, thirst, sex)
Reactions to fear and “fight or flight” system

31
Q

Cortical Controls

A

Connections of hypothalamus to limbic lobe allow cortical influence on ANS
Voluntary cortical control of visceral activities is possible

32
Q

Biofeedback of Cortical Controls

A

Awareness of physiological conditions with goal of consciously influencing them
Training allows some to control migraines and manage stress

33
Q

Homeostatic Imbalances of ANS

A 
Hypertension
Raynaud's Disease
-pale than cold fingers
Autonomic Dysreflexia
-High BP and life threatening
34
Q

Developmental of Aspects of the ANS

A

Older Age

  • Dry eyes
  • Constipation
  • Low BP

Anatomy and Physiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions