Chapter 14 Flashcards
______ conditions are those that are the result of some event (e.g. stroke, injury, disease, exc.)
Acquired
Acquired neurogenic disorders include
Stroke, injury, disease, exc
Acquired neurogenic disorders are most commonly associated with ____, although they can affect any age group.
Adults
Qualifying marker in aquired neurogenic disorders: decline either suddenly or over time in normal function. True or false
True
Largest and most developed part of the brain
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex consists of ____ hemispheres
2
The cerebral cortex consists of 2 hemispheres.: ____ & _____
Right and left
______ controls the left part of the body and is considered the more creative part of the brain.
Right hemisphere
_____ controls the right side of the body and is considered the more academic and logical side of the brain.
Left hemisphere
Each Hemisphere is divided into ___ lobes.
4
4 lobes of the brain are
Frontal
Temporal
Occipital
Parietal
links brain with spinal cord and affects all basic functions
Brain stem
“little brain”- primarily affects balance and coordination
Cerebellum
cluster of structures in the center of the brain affect voluntary movement primarily
Basal ganglia
____ directs sensory info. To appropriate parts of brain for processing
Thalamus
Limbic system, connects endocrine system with nervous system, controls body temperature, blood pressure, hunger and thirst
Hypothalamus
limbic system, responsible for emotional responses, primarily fear
Amygdala
limbic system, responsible for long term memory
Hippocampus
The following components are found in the limbic system:
Hypothalamus
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Portions of the brain stem include:
Medulla oblong at a
Pons
Midbrain
Loss of language function due to an injury of the brain in an area associated with the comprehension and production of language.
Aphasia
Aphasia is most often caused by a ____ aka CVA.
Stroke
Types of aphasia
Fluent aphasias
Non fluent aphasias
Fluent Aphasias are lesions are usually in the ____of the brain (____)
Back; posterior
Nonfluent Aphasias are lesions are usually in the ____ portion of the brain (____)
Front; anterior
Types of fluent aphasias include:
A. Wernickes aphasia
B. Transcortical sensory
C. Anomic
Types of non fluent aphasias include
A. Brocas aphasia
B. Transcortical motor
C. Global
Assessment of Aphasia: Auditory Comprehension includes
Name: “Mr. Jones”
Single words: “show me…” (pointing only, no speech)
Phrases: “What do we watch?” (pointing only, no speech)
Paragraph: The therapist reads a short paragraph and the patient answers questions (pointing only, no speech).
Assessment of Aphasia: Expression
Name: “What is your name?”
Single words: “What is this?”
Phrases: “What do you do with____?”
Tell me what is happening in this picture.
Assessment of Aphasia: Writing
Write letters and numbers (Can you write letter A, Can you write number 5, trace)
Write single words or names (What’s this? Car, house, exc.)
Write phrases (What do you do with a toothbrush?, What do you do with a car?)
Write paragraphs (Can you write a paragraph about a party that you went to, a place that you have been to… exc.)
Assessment of Aphasia: Reading
Read single letters, numbers
Read single words (car, spoon, exc)
Read phrases
Read Paragraphs and answer questions
Assessment of Aphasia: Repetition
Repeat sounds
Repeat words
Repeat phrases
Assessment of Aphasia: Seriation
ABCs
Days of the year
Months of the year
Counting
Assessment of Aphasia: Singing
Familiar songs
Nursery Rhymes
Recite poems, Pledge of Allegiance
Left hemisphere is in charge of —
Phonology
Syntax
Simple-level semantics
Right hemisphere is in charge of the-
Complex linguistic processing
Nonverbal emotional aspects of communication
Right hemisphere damage results from damage to the _____ of the brain
Right hemisphere
Right hemisphere damage can occur from
Stroke, TBI, tumor, infection
As with other neurologically based disorders, outcomes from RHD can vary from one client to another. True or false
True
Specific impairments that are characteristic of RHD are as follows:
Attention deficits
Perceptual deficits
Logic and Problem-Solving
Memory deficits
Pragmatic deficits
unable to focus on tasks, highly distractive or impulsive
Attention deficits
neglect the left visual field, may have difficulty with facial recognition
Perceptual deficits
ADLs judgment and problem solving
Logic and problem solving
struggle to learn or retrieve information, have trouble recalling personal information (e.g. name, birthday, family members)
Memory deficits
May not understand non-verbal, non-literal language, or humor. May not express emotions or recognize emotions in others
Pragmatic deficits
trouble integrating information, expressing thoughts logically, and/or planning
Organizational deficits
may not be aware of date, time, location
Orientation deficits
“flat” speech, lacking normal stress and intonation
Prosodic deficits
impaired comprehension, expressive language poorly constructed, may struggle with word retrieval while talking
Language deficits
may omit words or letters while reading or writing
Reading and writing deficits
may deny having a problem and be unmotivated to improve
Personal insight deficits
Commercially based assessments of right hemisphere damage:
Mini Inventory of Right Brain Injury (MIRBI-2)
Neurocognitive disorder characterized by the deterioration of functional cognition
Dementia
Neurocognitive disorder characterized by the deterioration of functional cognition in the areas of:
- Language
- Judgment
- Abstract thinking
- Executive function and/or
- Memory
In dementia, progress from very mild to very severe over the course of months or years. True or false
True
Most dementias follow a general pattern of progression of ____ stages
3
Dementia is the neurocognitive disorder characterized by the _____ of functional cognition
Deterioration
Stage 1 of dementia progression-
Early dementia
Stage 2 of dementia progression is-
Intermediate dementia
Stage 3 of dementia progression is-
Advanced dementia
Diagnosis of dementia is typically made by the ____ or ______, sometimes with input from the SLP.
Physician or neuropsychologist
The role of the SLP is to assessment of cognition and in supporting the client, client’s family, and collaborating with the team of health care professionals involved in the client’s care. True or false
True
