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Diag & Eval Speech Lang Path > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Categories of voice disorders include

A

Functional disorders, neurogenic disorders, psychogenic disorders

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2
Q

result from vocal misuse or abuse: vocal nodules, contact ulcers, granulomas

A

Functional disorders

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3
Q

damage to the nervous system. Partial/complete vocal fold paralysis and voice-Parkinson’s Disease and ALS.

A

Neurogenic disorders

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4
Q

result from psychological and emotional conflict, such as extreme stress or anxiety- may include tense voice or aphonia

A

Psychogenic disorders

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5
Q

tense voice or aphonia are example of ____ disorder

A

Psychogenic disorders

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6
Q

Partial/complete vocal fold paralysis and voice-Parkinson’s Disease and ALS are examples of z____ disorders

A

Neurogenic disorders

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7
Q

vocal nodules, contact ulcers, granulomas are examples of ___ disorders

A

Functional disorders

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8
Q

During a screening, you must listen for _____, _____,and ____

A

Quality, pitch, and intensity (loudness)

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9
Q

The following is used to conduct a screening:

A
  1. Imitate words or phrases
  2. Count to 20
  3. Recite alphabet
  4. Read short passage
  5. Conversational speech sample
  6. Vowel prolongation
  7. Sustain s/z
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10
Q

Client perception includes

A

Voice Handicap Index (VHI)

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11
Q

Perceptual and Instrumental Exam goes over

A

Pitch, Intensity, Vocal Quality, Vocal Habits, Resonance, Respiratory Support, Posture, Tension & other behaviors

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12
Q

the average pitch that the patient uses during speaking and reading

A

Fundamental frequency - habitual pitch

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13
Q

In perpetual and instrument exam,to examine pitch you must look at

A
  • Fundamental frequency- Habitual pitch
  • Pitch Range
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14
Q

For pitch range calculate the ________

A

Calculate highest/lowest pitch (aaaahhhh) glissando up and down

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15
Q

In the perceptual and instrumental exam, for intensity, you must

A

Measure in decibels &
Vary loudness

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16
Q

To measure intensity, have the client ____

A

Whisper, speak softly, speak loudly, shout
Counting with increasing intensity

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17
Q

In the perceptual and instrument exam, for vocal quality,

A

Conduct a CAPE-V (Consensus Auditory- Perceptual Evaluation of Voice)

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18
Q

The CAPE_V goes over:

A
  1. Overall severity
  2. Roughness
  3. Breathiness
  4. Strain
  5. Pitch
  6. Loudness
  7. Additional- Diplophonia, vocal fry, falsetto, asthenia, aphonia, pitch instability, tremor, wet/gurgling voice
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19
Q

During respiratory support for speech, observe:

A
  1. Conversational speech
  2. Taking a deep breath
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20
Q

During respiratory support for speech, look for:

A
  1. Tension
  2. Shallow inhalation
  3. Noisy Inhalation
  4. Mouth Breathing
  5. Running out of air
  6. Weak voice
  7. Fatigue
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21
Q

Determine how well the vocal folds close, open and vibrate. This is known as

A

Maximum phonation time

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22
Q

The first step in maximum phonation time is

A

Ask the patient to sustain a vowel

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23
Q

In maximum phonation time, after asking the patient to sustain a vowel, then-

A

Time the length of the production

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24
Q

In maximum phonation time, after timing the length of production, then-

A

Repeat 2x and record the longest

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25
Q

Typically the maximum phonation time for males is

A

25-35 sec

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26
Q

Typically the maximum phonation time for females is

A

15-25 sec

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27
Q

Typically the length of concern for maximum phonation time is

A

less than 10 secs

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28
Q

Assess respiratory and phonatory efficiency. This is known as

A

S/z ratio

29
Q

_____ is an indicator of laryngeal pathology

A

S/Z ratio

30
Q

The first step in S/Z ratio is

A

To ask the patient to sustain /s/ - time it 2x

31
Q

The second step in S/Z ratio is to

A

Ask the patient to substain /Z/ - time it 2X

32
Q

The third step in S/Z ratio is

A

Divide the longest /S/ by the longest /Z/

33
Q

Exalting full steps of S/Z ratio

A

Ask the patient to sustain /s/- Time it 2x
Ask the patient to sustain /z/- Time it 2x
Divide the longest /s/ by the longest /z/

34
Q

Normal S/Z ratio results are

A

Normal = 1.0 ratio

35
Q

Typically the results for S/z ratio in children is

A

10 secs for children

36
Q

Typically the results of s/z ratio for adults is

A

20-25 secs for adults

37
Q

Laryngeal pathology results of s/z ratio are

A

Laryngeal pathology = >1.0

38
Q

Laryngeal pathology occurs when

A

A. Normal duration of /s/
B. Reduced duration of /z/

39
Q

Respiratory Inefficiency results for s/z ratio is

A

Respiratory Inefficiency = 1.0

40
Q

Respiratory inefficiency occurs when

A

Reduced duration for both sounds

41
Q

What the the three types of results for s/z ratio

A

Normal
Laryngeal pathology
Respiratory inefficiency

42
Q

instrument that measures aerodynamic properties of speech: sound pressure levels, air flow and air pressure

A

Aerophone

43
Q

complete hardware and software system for acoustic analysis of aspects of voice, speech and fluency

A

Computerized speech lab

44
Q

fiberoptic tube fitted with a light and camera that can be directed into the oral cavity for visual viewing of the larynx

A

Digital endoscope

45
Q

Assessment hardware and software types

A

Pair with perceptual assessment
Aerophone
Computerized speech lab
Digital Endoscope
Apps available

46
Q

Faulty sound vibration in the oral, nasal and or pharyngeal cavities

A

Assessment of resonance

47
Q

too much vibration during vowels and voiced oral consonants

A

Hypernasality

48
Q

During nasal emisssion, air escapes through the _____ during speech

A

Nose

49
Q

Audible nasal emission on certain sounds /s/ and /z/.

A

Phoneme specific velopharyngeal dysfunction

50
Q

too little sound vibration in the nasal cavity /m/ sounds like /b/

A

Hyponasality

51
Q

airflow in the oral cavity is obstructed, often by enlarged tonsils, resulting in muffled quality

A

Cul-de-sac resonance

52
Q

Some disorders of resonance are due to incomplete closure of the velopharyngeal port. These include:

A

Hypernasality
Nasal emission
Phonemic specific velopharangeal dysfunction

53
Q

Other disorders of resonance are due to a physical obstruction. These include:

A

Hypernasality
Cul-de-sac resonance

54
Q

Made from a piece of bendy straw or piece of tubing. This is known as ____

A

Nasal listening tube

55
Q

The first step in nasal listening tube is

A

Place one end in your ear and the other end at the client’s nostril

56
Q

The second step for nasal listening tube is -

A

Ask the client to speak or perform a speech task

57
Q

To conduct a nasal listening tube test you must

A
  1. Place one end in your ear and the other end at the client’s nostril
  2. Ask the client to speak or perform a speech task
58
Q

If the nasal listen tube reveals that the clinician hears sound during the production of vowels or plosives. This is known as which disorder

A

Hypernasality

59
Q

If the nasal listening tube reveals minimal to no sound during production of nasal speech, this is known as ____

A

Hyponasality/ curl-de-sac

60
Q

In order to assess velopharayngeal function (VPF) you must

A
  1. Gently pinch the client’s nose
  2. Ask him/her to repeat some of the non-nasal sentences containing pressure consonants
61
Q

In order to assess Hyponasality, you must

A

Repeat words or phrases with multiple nasal sounds

62
Q

The removal of all or parts of the larynx

A

Laryngectomy

63
Q

Assessment of alaryngeal clients includes

A

Anatomical changes
Respiratory/vocal changes
Preoperative and postoperative consultation

64
Q

Assess of alaryngeal client for preopertaive consultation

A
  1. What they know
  2. New mode of communication
  3. Family support
  4. Support Groups
  5. Rehabilitated Laryngeal speaker present
  6. Provide printed information
  7. Informal assessment of cognition, speech, language etc.
65
Q

Assessment of alaryngeal clients postoperative consultation

A
  1. Review Pre-operative discussion
  2. Discuss alaryngeal communication systems
    A. Artificial larynx- electronic or mechanical instrument that provides sound source as speech is shaped by the articulators
    B. Esophageal speech- the speaker takes in air through the mouth traps it in the throat and releases it back through the mouth. It is hard to master
    C. Tracheoesophageal puncture
66
Q

electronic or mechanical instrument that provides sound source as speech is shaped by the articulators

A

Artificial larynx

67
Q

the speaker takes in air through the mouth traps it in the throat and releases it back through the mouth. It is hard to master

A

Esophageal speech

68
Q

Three types of alaryngeal communication systems

A

Artificial larynx
Esophageal speech
Tracheoesophageal

Diag & Eval Speech Lang Path (14 decks)

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