chapter 14 Flashcards
personality
study of an individuals characteristic ways of feeling, acting and thinking
Four factor theory
based on 4 humors-blood, black, bile, yellow bile phlegm (what ever you had brought out those personalities)
Psychoanalytic Model (Freud)
dependent on libido fixation
Allport Brothers
Floyd & Gordon
Floyd Allport (1890-1978)
published social psychology, worked with munstenberg
What did Floyd look at?
looked at personality shaped by experience
Gordon Allport (1897-1967)
american psychologist who is considered the founder of modern personality psychology
“The study of the undivided personality” (Gordon Allport)
concept of the self as an unchangeable core of an individual
Trait
a stable internal characteristic of an individual that is a determinant of behavior
Who was the founder of the trait theory?
Gordon Allport
What is the trait theory?
personalities can be analyzed into a finite number of measure able traits
What did G. Allport believe personality could be divided into?
into 3 categories single cardinal trait, central traits & secondary traits
London School
those that measured individual differences and searched for laws governing these differences
Who studied intelligence and later on began looking at personality
spearman & burt
Raymond Cattell (1905-1998)
British american psychologist who proposed an influential sixteen-factor model of personality
Fluid Intelligence
speed of processing a fact
crystallized intelligence
facts, information you already know
What did Cattell develop?
a culture-free intelligence test that measured fluid intelligence
Why did Cattell leave Harvard?
he needed a fast acting computer for his research
What did Cattell develop from the computer?
that personality had a hierarchical structure with broad second-order factors above and two or three narrow first-order factors clusters underneath each of these?
Who developed the sixteen personality factor questionnaire (16pf)
Cattell, it’s used to measure each of the first order factors he’d found in his analyses
Who believed some factors were biologically based, while others environmentally based?
Cattell
What did Cattell want to correct through his whole life?
wanted to correct his 16-factor hierarchical model throughout his life
Who published theory in there 1950 book of personality?
Cattell, (a systematic, theoretical and factual study)
hans eysenck (1916-1997)
german-british psychologist who advanced a three factor theory of personality
What is the PEN model?
eysenck personality questionnaire based on three-factor theory of personality
What’s the first factor in PEN
Extraversion
What’s the second factor of PEN
involved susceptibility to anxiety and emotional stability called neuroticism
What’s the third factor of PEN
psychoticism
Where did Eysenck describe his two-factor theory of personality?
in his first book dimensions of personality
Where did Eysenck publish his modified three-factor theory?
in his book “the structure of human personality”
Eysenck linked personality structure to what of the nervous system
biological conditions
Lewis Goldberg (1932-)
american psychologist who developed Goldbergs big five model
what were goldbergs personality factors?
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and culture
Robert McCrae (1949-) Paul Costa (1942-)
american psychologists who developed another big five factor model
What did McCrae & Costa start with?
NEO-PI, then expanded to OCEAN
OCEAN
openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
What does Goldberg believe about the big 5 model
views it as a descriptive model of personality that reflects an interaction of universal and culturally specific traits
What did McCrae & Costa believe about the big 5
to be a description of human behavior based on genetically determined biological structures and processes
What is the newer model developed by Lee + Ashton (2007)
Hexaco model with 6 factods
HEXACO
Honesty-humility, emotionally, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience
Henry Murray (1893-1988)
american personality psychologists mostly known for his development of the TAT
TAT (thematic apperception test) 1935
a projective personality test consisting of a series of ambiguous pictures that the subject is asked to describe
Julian Rotter (1916-2014)
american psychologist who developed the concept of internal or external control of reinforcement
Internal locus of control
outcome in life is due to personal effort you did
external locus of control
outcome of life is based on other people or focuses
social learning theory of personality
individual differences develop through divergent life histories (Rotter)
Walter Mischel (1930-2018)
austrian-american psychologist who advocated for a social cognitive approach to personality
Who investigates the delay of gratification?
Mischel in 1966 & designs the marshmallow task
In 1968 Mischel published personality and assessment, what did is discuss?
discussing the personality paradox, known as the person vs situation debate
Social cognitive approach to personality
a model of personality proposing that behavior is driven by the individuals unique interpretation of a given situation
Bonnie Strickland (1936-)
american psychologist who studied the mental health of persons and groups, who are marginalized from mainstream society
What did strickland find at the time of the civil rights movement?
found that black activists had strong internal locus of control compared with non-activists
Delay of gratification (marshmallow study) was greater in who?
greater in presence of black experimenters vs white ones
Who developed an internal-external locus of control scale for children?
Bonnie Strickland
What did strickland find looking at career aspirations between black & white children?
career aspirations of black children and found it to be lower than that of white children due to economical disadvantage
