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chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

personality

A

study of an individuals characteristic ways of feeling, acting and thinking

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2
Q

Four factor theory

A

based on 4 humors-blood, black, bile, yellow bile phlegm (what ever you had brought out those personalities)

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic Model (Freud)

A

dependent on libido fixation

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4
Q

Allport Brothers

A

Floyd & Gordon

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5
Q

Floyd Allport (1890-1978)

A

published social psychology, worked with munstenberg

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6
Q

What did Floyd look at?

A

looked at personality shaped by experience

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7
Q

Gordon Allport (1897-1967)

A

american psychologist who is considered the founder of modern personality psychology

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8
Q

“The study of the undivided personality” (Gordon Allport)

A

concept of the self as an unchangeable core of an individual

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9
Q

Trait

A

a stable internal characteristic of an individual that is a determinant of behavior

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10
Q

Who was the founder of the trait theory?

A

Gordon Allport

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11
Q

What is the trait theory?

A

personalities can be analyzed into a finite number of measure able traits

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12
Q

What did G. Allport believe personality could be divided into?

A

into 3 categories single cardinal trait, central traits & secondary traits

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13
Q

London School

A

those that measured individual differences and searched for laws governing these differences

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14
Q

Who studied intelligence and later on began looking at personality

A

spearman & burt

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15
Q

Raymond Cattell (1905-1998)

A

British american psychologist who proposed an influential sixteen-factor model of personality

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16
Q

Fluid Intelligence

A

speed of processing a fact

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17
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

facts, information you already know

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18
Q

What did Cattell develop?

A

a culture-free intelligence test that measured fluid intelligence

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19
Q

Why did Cattell leave Harvard?

A

he needed a fast acting computer for his research

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20
Q

What did Cattell develop from the computer?

A

that personality had a hierarchical structure with broad second-order factors above and two or three narrow first-order factors clusters underneath each of these?

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21
Q

Who developed the sixteen personality factor questionnaire (16pf)

A

Cattell, it’s used to measure each of the first order factors he’d found in his analyses

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22
Q

Who believed some factors were biologically based, while others environmentally based?

A

Cattell

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23
Q

What did Cattell want to correct through his whole life?

A

wanted to correct his 16-factor hierarchical model throughout his life

24
Q

Who published theory in there 1950 book of personality?

A

Cattell, (a systematic, theoretical and factual study)

25
Q

hans eysenck (1916-1997)

A

german-british psychologist who advanced a three factor theory of personality

26
Q

What is the PEN model?

A

eysenck personality questionnaire based on three-factor theory of personality

27
Q

What’s the first factor in PEN

A

Extraversion

28
Q

What’s the second factor of PEN

A

involved susceptibility to anxiety and emotional stability called neuroticism

29
Q

What’s the third factor of PEN

A

psychoticism

30
Q

Where did Eysenck describe his two-factor theory of personality?

A

in his first book dimensions of personality

31
Q

Where did Eysenck publish his modified three-factor theory?

A

in his book “the structure of human personality”

32
Q

Eysenck linked personality structure to what of the nervous system

A

biological conditions

33
Q

Lewis Goldberg (1932-)

A

american psychologist who developed Goldbergs big five model

34
Q

what were goldbergs personality factors?

A

extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and culture

35
Q

Robert McCrae (1949-) Paul Costa (1942-)

A

american psychologists who developed another big five factor model

36
Q

What did McCrae & Costa start with?

A

NEO-PI, then expanded to OCEAN

37
Q

OCEAN

A

openness to new experiences, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

38
Q

What does Goldberg believe about the big 5 model

A

views it as a descriptive model of personality that reflects an interaction of universal and culturally specific traits

39
Q

What did McCrae & Costa believe about the big 5

A

to be a description of human behavior based on genetically determined biological structures and processes

40
Q

What is the newer model developed by Lee + Ashton (2007)

A

Hexaco model with 6 factods

41
Q

HEXACO

A

Honesty-humility, emotionally, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience

42
Q

Henry Murray (1893-1988)

A

american personality psychologists mostly known for his development of the TAT

43
Q

TAT (thematic apperception test) 1935

A

a projective personality test consisting of a series of ambiguous pictures that the subject is asked to describe

44
Q

Julian Rotter (1916-2014)

A

american psychologist who developed the concept of internal or external control of reinforcement

45
Q

Internal locus of control

A

outcome in life is due to personal effort you did

46
Q

external locus of control

A

outcome of life is based on other people or focuses

47
Q

social learning theory of personality

A

individual differences develop through divergent life histories (Rotter)

48
Q

Walter Mischel (1930-2018)

A

austrian-american psychologist who advocated for a social cognitive approach to personality

49
Q

Who investigates the delay of gratification?

A

Mischel in 1966 & designs the marshmallow task

50
Q

In 1968 Mischel published personality and assessment, what did is discuss?

A

discussing the personality paradox, known as the person vs situation debate

51
Q

Social cognitive approach to personality

A

a model of personality proposing that behavior is driven by the individuals unique interpretation of a given situation

52
Q

Bonnie Strickland (1936-)

A

american psychologist who studied the mental health of persons and groups, who are marginalized from mainstream society

53
Q

What did strickland find at the time of the civil rights movement?

A

found that black activists had strong internal locus of control compared with non-activists

54
Q

Delay of gratification (marshmallow study) was greater in who?

A

greater in presence of black experimenters vs white ones

55
Q

Who developed an internal-external locus of control scale for children?

A

Bonnie Strickland

56
Q

What did strickland find looking at career aspirations between black & white children?

A

career aspirations of black children and found it to be lower than that of white children due to economical disadvantage

history of psych (12 decks)

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