ch.9 Flashcards
What happened in the last half of the 1800’s in Russia?
experienced a period of rapid growth in natural sciences
Ivan Sechenov (1829-1905)
Noted Russian Physiologist, argued every behavior can be broken down into simple reflexes
What did Ivan Sechenov present regarding human psychology?
that human psychology could be understood in terms of the activity of the nervous system
What was the only valid approach to study psychology according to Sechenov & Von Helmholtz
was to use objective methods of physiology
Who inspired Pavlov, Bekhtere, and other scientists on the 1900’s?
Ivan Sechenov
Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
russian physiologist who discovered the conditioned relfex
Who was the father of classical conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov
What did pavlov conduct his research on?
conducted research in the digestive system, focused on salvation
Who won a nobel prize for medicine in research of digestive system
Ivan Pavlov 1904
Psychic secretion
salvation at the expectation of food
artificial conditioned reflex
any stimulus could elicit psychic secretion as long as the animal had learned to associate it with food
What is involved in artificial conditioned reflex?
involves the association of an innate reflex with a neutral/novel stimulus
Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)
russian psychologist who emphasized the role of culture and social interaction in cognitive development
Who rejected pavlov’s reducing psychology to physiology with a focus on reflexes?
Lev Vygotsky
What did Vygotsky develop?
developed the sociocultural theory of cognitive development
How many steps are in classical conditioning?
4
Step 1 of classical conditioning
neutral/novel stimulus produces no response of interest
Step 2 of classical conditioning
unconditioned stimulus produces unconditioned response (innate reflex)
Step 3 of classical conditioning
neutral stimulus+unconditioned stimulus produces unconditioned response, this step is called a conditioning trial and is repeated
Step 4 of classical conditioning
conditioned stimulus produces conditioned response
What is significant in learning?
Culture (Vygotsky)
What did Vygotsky belief about social interaction?
it plays a critical role in childrens learning, children are considered an apprentice in learning
Guided participation
is the process by which children learn from others who guide there experiences
Scaffolding
teaching style in which adults adjust the amount of assistance that they offer based on the learners needs
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
the difference between a child’s actual behavior and behavior with an adults help
What procedure did they use to study ZPD?
the method of dual stimulation
What happened in the method of dual stimulation?
children were asked to solve a problem alone and then with the help from an adult
