ch.9

Question 1

What happened in the last half of the 1800’s in Russia?

Answer 1

experienced a period of rapid growth in natural sciences

Question 2

Ivan Sechenov (1829-1905)

Answer 2

Noted Russian Physiologist, argued every behavior can be broken down into simple reflexes

Question 3

What did Ivan Sechenov present regarding human psychology?

Answer 3

that human psychology could be understood in terms of the activity of the nervous system

Question 4

What was the only valid approach to study psychology according to Sechenov & Von Helmholtz

Answer 4

was to use objective methods of physiology

Question 5

Who inspired Pavlov, Bekhtere, and other scientists on the 1900’s?

Answer 5

Ivan Sechenov

Question 6

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)

Answer 6

russian physiologist who discovered the conditioned relfex

Question 7

Who was the father of classical conditioning?

Answer 7

Ivan Pavlov

Question 8

What did pavlov conduct his research on?

Answer 8

conducted research in the digestive system, focused on salvation

Question 9

Who won a nobel prize for medicine in research of digestive system

Answer 9

Ivan Pavlov 1904

Question 10

Psychic secretion

Answer 10

salvation at the expectation of food

Question 11

artificial conditioned reflex

Answer 11

any stimulus could elicit psychic secretion as long as the animal had learned to associate it with food

Question 12

What is involved in artificial conditioned reflex?

Answer 12

involves the association of an innate reflex with a neutral/novel stimulus

Question 13

Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934)

Answer 13

russian psychologist who emphasized the role of culture and social interaction in cognitive development

Question 14

Who rejected pavlov’s reducing psychology to physiology with a focus on reflexes?

Answer 14

Lev Vygotsky

Question 15

What did Vygotsky develop?

Answer 15

developed the sociocultural theory of cognitive development

Question 16

How many steps are in classical conditioning?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

Step 1 of classical conditioning

Answer 17

neutral/novel stimulus produces no response of interest

Question 18

Step 2 of classical conditioning

Answer 18

unconditioned stimulus produces unconditioned response (innate reflex)

Question 19

Step 3 of classical conditioning

Answer 19

neutral stimulus+unconditioned stimulus produces unconditioned response, this step is called a conditioning trial and is repeated

Question 20

Step 4 of classical conditioning

Answer 20

conditioned stimulus produces conditioned response

Question 21

What is significant in learning?

Answer 21

Culture (Vygotsky)

Question 22

What did Vygotsky belief about social interaction?

Answer 22

it plays a critical role in childrens learning, children are considered an apprentice in learning

Question 23

Guided participation

Answer 23

is the process by which children learn from others who guide there experiences

Question 24

Scaffolding

Answer 24

teaching style in which adults adjust the amount of assistance that they offer based on the learners needs

Question 25

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Answer 25

the difference between a child’s actual behavior and behavior with an adults help

Question 26

What procedure did they use to study ZPD?

Answer 26

the method of dual stimulation

Question 27

What happened in the method of dual stimulation?

Answer 27

children were asked to solve a problem alone and then with the help from an adult