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history of psych > ch. 5-6 > Flashcards

ch. 5-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

The behavioral revolution

A

behaviorists redefined psychology by the 1920’s

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2
Q

Who led the behavioral revolution?

A

John Watson

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3
Q

Positivism

A

scientists can only know what they can directly observe

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4
Q

N/A

A

N/A

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5
Q

What did thorndike study?

A

problem solving ability of animals to escape the puzzle box & law of effect

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6
Q

Law of effect

A

the probability of an action being repeated is strengthened when it is followed by a pleasant consequence

ex: kid receives a gold star for raising hand, tends to raise hand more so they can receive a gold star

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7
Q

Instrumental learning (Thorndike)

A

where in a organism learns to make a response that is useful in producing reinforcement

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8
Q

Methodological behaviorism (Watson)

A

insisted that observational behavior be psychological subject matter

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9
Q

What did watson believe about psychology’s goal?

A

Believed psychology’s goal should be the prediction and control of behavior

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10
Q

John B. Watson (1878-1958)

A

founder of behaviorist movement

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11
Q

N/A

A

N/A

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12
Q

Who was a editor of psychological review?

A

Watson was along with the APA president

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13
Q

What did watson believe?

A

Watson believed introspection was a bad technique. Believed in psychology and black box

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14
Q

What did watson do at U of chicago?

A

he taught animal and human psychology

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15
Q

What was his research at U of Chicago?

A

It involves rats (the kerplunk study) and birds (terns) to look at migratory patterns

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16
Q

What did Watson teach at John Hopkins?

A

human physiology, studied motor reflexes in infants

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17
Q

What did watson want to do with the 3 innate emotions?

A

to use fear, love, rage and condition it to a neutral stimulus

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18
Q

What was pavlov’s classical conditioning technique?

A

pairing a neutral stimulus with a unconditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned emotional reaction

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19
Q

What did little albert study condition?

A

it conditioned fear

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20
Q

What is a conditioned emotional response?

A

a process in which a person develops a reaction to a previously neutral stimulus

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21
Q

Classical conditioned steps by watson & rayner

A

step 1: ucs-loud noise struck a steel bar with a hammer, produces UCR: fear
step 2: NS- white rat
step 3: Joint stimulation/conditioning trial- NS+UCS=UCR
step 4: CS- white rat produces CER=fear

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22
Q

What were the generalizations of the classical conditioning?

A

fearful of all white animals

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23
Q

What happened at John Hopkins to Watson?

A

He was asked to resign after being with a student and that was the end of his academic career

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24
Q

What did watson do after he left John Hopkins?

A

He went into advertising using classical conditioning

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25
Q

Classical conditioning + Advertising

A

“neutral” product (NS) is paired with a celebrity, cute pet, up-beat music (UCS) which produces positive emotions (UCR) in most people, after viewing it many time the product (CS) itself produces positive emotions (CER)

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26
Q

What did Watson do as a child psychologist?

A

wrote the psychological care of infant and child

27
Q

What was watsons influence on marketing?

A

felt marketing depending on appealing to emotions and stimulating desire for the product

28
Q

What are the three steps for advertisements?

A
  1. evoked response, 2. showed how to use the product, 3. had direct testimonials
29
Q

N/A

A

N/A

30
Q

Mary Cover Jones (1896-1987)

A

attending vassar and got PhD at columbia

31
Q

What was Mary Cover Jones considered?

A

considered the mother of behavioral therapy because of her work on unconditioning the fear reaction in infants

32
Q

superstitious behavior

A

an increase in the strength of a behavior that is due to “coincidental reinforcement”

33
Q

Who is the popular psychologist

A

Skinner

34
Q

Who developed the baby tender/air crib?

A

Skinner did for his daughter Deborah

35
Q

Neal Miller (1909-2002)

A

conducted ground breaking work in biofeed

36
Q

Who came up with frustration-aggression hypothesis?

A

Miller (people turn to aggression when they are frustrated in reaching their goals)

37
Q

Gestalt psychology

A

it looks at the human mind and behavior as a whole

38
Q

Who was the most important rival to wundt’s school in Europe?

A

Gestalt Psychology

39
Q

Franz Brentano (1838-1917)

A

former catholic priest, at the university of vienna, he was freuds professor

40
Q

Who developed act psychology?

A

Franz Brentano

41
Q

Act Psychology

A

felt that mental phenomena are active processes

42
Q

Carl Stumpf (1848-1936)

A

at university of berlin and director of institute of experimental psychology

43
Q

Who trained the first of gestalt psychologists?

A

Carl Stumpf

44
Q

What did Stumpf focus on?

A

focused on music perception and is the founder of ethnomusicology

45
Q

Who played a role in the investigation of clever hans phenomena?

A

Carl Stumpf (Hans, a horse, supposedly performed math tasks)

46
Q

Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)

A

founder of gestalt psychology

47
Q

Who created phi phenomenon?

A

Max Wertheimer, the apparent notion of stationary but rapidly changing objects

48
Q

What are the gestalt principles of perception?

A

figure ground organization, reversible figures

49
Q

figure ground organization

A

the most fundamental principle; the distinction between foreground (figure) and background

50
Q

reversible figures

A

when the figure and ground are reversible

51
Q

What are the principles of perceptual organization?

A

similarity, proximity and closure

52
Q

similarity

A

things that have similar characteristics

53
Q

proximity

A

see things close together as a unit

54
Q

closure

A

two figures that aren’t completed they have gaps

55
Q

Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967)

A

proposed a new gestalt theory in 1913, published one of the first papers with the new theory

56
Q

Who was accused of being a spy?

A

Wolfgang Köhler

57
Q

What did Wolfgang Köhler study?

A

studied intelligence and problem-solving in primates, they had insightful problem solving

58
Q

Kurt Koffka (1886-1941)

A

introduced gestalt theory to english speaking psychologists

59
Q

What does Koffka believe?

A

children are born with gestalt principles

60
Q

Who published “The Growth of the Mind”?

A

Kurt Koffka

61
Q

What was seen as the most systematic presentation of gestalt theory?

A

when Koffka published “principles of gestalt psychology”

62
Q

Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)

A

german-american gestalt psychologist considered a founder of experimental social psych

63
Q

What was Kurt Lewin goal with action research?

A

Goal was to discover ways to use that research to change situations and to make individuals, groups and societies better

64
Q

What was Kurt Lewin a member of?

A

SPSSI, Society for the psychological study of social issues (1936)

history of psych (12 decks)

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