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history of psych > ch. 15 > Flashcards

ch. 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

humanistic psychology

A

view that humans have an innate drive to grow toward fulfilling their potential in life

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2
Q

what is the first step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism

A
  1. validated individuals subjective experiences
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3
Q

What is the second step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism

A
  1. shifted focus of psychotherapy to caring about psychological health
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4
Q

What is the three step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism

A
  1. emphasized aspects of human beings which distinguish us from other species
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5
Q

Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

A

american psychologist who was a founder of humanistic psychology movement

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6
Q

what theory did carl rogers propose?

A

Client-Centered Therapy

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7
Q

What did carl rogers write?

A

Wrote counseling and psychotherapy (1942) & client centered therapy (1951)

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8
Q

Client-Centered therapy

A

non-directive therapy, therapist is non judgemental

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9
Q

What is the goal of client centered therapy?

A

goal is to help client develop self-understanding and self-acceptance

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10
Q

What does the therapist do in client centered therapy

A

therapis practices unconditional positive regard, has empathy has congruence

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11
Q

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

A

american psychologist who proposed a hierarchy of needs model and the concept of self-actualization

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12
Q

Who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology?

A

Abraham Maslow

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13
Q

who wrote theory of human motivation (1943)

A

Abraham Maslow

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14
Q

Hierarchy of Needs

A

human behavior in terms of basic needs for survival and growth which are arranged according to their importance for survival and power to motivate an individual

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15
Q

self-actualized

A

individuals are fulfilled comfortable with themselves, productive, accept themselves, see positive potentials in themselves

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16
Q

Erik Erickson (1902-1994)

A

German-American psychologist who maintained that development is a lifelong process

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17
Q

Who wrote childhood and society 1950?

A

Erik Erickson

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18
Q

Who proposed there were the eight universal stages during the life span of psychosocial development?

A

Erik Erickson

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19
Q

How many psychosocial Stages of Development are there?

A

8

20
Q

Which psychosocial stages of development are similar?

A

Autonomy, guilt, industry

21
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)

A

American psychologist who proposed a cognitive theory of moral development

22
Q

What did Kohlberg do for his dissertation?

A

he employed piagets clinical method, used 80+ boys were presented each with a series of vignettes containing moral dilemmas and asked about the actions

23
Q

What questions did Kohlberg use in his study?

A

He used probing questions

24
Q

What does Kohlberg theory consists of?

A

His theory has 3 levels with 2 stages in each level

25
Q

What is the first level of Kohlberg theory?

A

is known as pre conventional level

26
Q

What is the second level of Kohlberg theory?

A

The second level is called conventional level, not concerned about yourself, by concerned how others see you

27
Q

What is the third level of Kohlberg theory?

A

The third level is named the post-conventional level with 2 levels

28
Q

Carol Gilligan (1936- )

A

American psychologist who challenged Kohlbergs theory of moral development

29
Q

What did Carol Gilligan write?

A

Wrote in a different voice (1982)

30
Q

What does Gilligan believe?

A

believes when men and women make real-life moral decisions, they tend to think of impact of their decisions on relationships and the needs of all parties involved

31
Q

positive psychology

A

scientific study of happiness and the features of a life well lived

32
Q

What term did Maslow coin?

A

termed positive psychology in 1954

33
Q

Who are the confounders of positive psychology?

A

Seligman & Csikszentminalyi

34
Q

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-2021)

A

Hungarian american psychologist and credited with developing the concept of flow

35
Q

Flow

A

a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter

36
Q

Martin Seligman (1942- )

A

american psychologist also noted for his work in avoidance learning

37
Q

Who developed the concept of learned helplessness?

A

Seligman, helplessness: phenomenon in which an organism fails to escape a painful situation even when it is capable of doing so

38
Q

What are the three directions of research in positive psychology

A
  1. the study of positive emotions
  2. the study of positive traits that lead to a happy life
  3. positive institutions: how to arrange our social orgs so members experience flow
39
Q

Carol Dweck (1946- )

A

american psychologist who maintains that peoples attitudes about the nature of intelligence influence the amount of effort they put into difficult tasks

40
Q

Who wrote mindset: the new psychology of success (2006)

A

Carol Dweck

41
Q

fixed mindset

A

it is the belief that a persons intelligence is fixed quantity that cannot change

42
Q

Growth mindset

A

it is the belief that intelligence is a mutable quantity that can increase over time

43
Q

Influencing mindsets

A

being praised for intelligence or being praised for effort; found out that it was possible to influence a persons mindset about their academic abilities

44
Q

Positive psychologists

A

use an empirical approach and quantitative methods

45
Q

Humanistic Psychologists

A

use experimental approach and qualitative methods

history of psych (12 decks)

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