ch. 15 Flashcards
humanistic psychology
view that humans have an innate drive to grow toward fulfilling their potential in life
what is the first step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism
- validated individuals subjective experiences
What is the second step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism
- shifted focus of psychotherapy to caring about psychological health
What is the three step that differed from psychoanalysis and behaviorism
- emphasized aspects of human beings which distinguish us from other species
Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
american psychologist who was a founder of humanistic psychology movement
what theory did carl rogers propose?
Client-Centered Therapy
What did carl rogers write?
Wrote counseling and psychotherapy (1942) & client centered therapy (1951)
Client-Centered therapy
non-directive therapy, therapist is non judgemental
What is the goal of client centered therapy?
goal is to help client develop self-understanding and self-acceptance
What does the therapist do in client centered therapy
therapis practices unconditional positive regard, has empathy has congruence
Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
american psychologist who proposed a hierarchy of needs model and the concept of self-actualization
Who was one of the founders of humanistic psychology?
Abraham Maslow
who wrote theory of human motivation (1943)
Abraham Maslow
Hierarchy of Needs
human behavior in terms of basic needs for survival and growth which are arranged according to their importance for survival and power to motivate an individual
self-actualized
individuals are fulfilled comfortable with themselves, productive, accept themselves, see positive potentials in themselves
Erik Erickson (1902-1994)
German-American psychologist who maintained that development is a lifelong process
Who wrote childhood and society 1950?
Erik Erickson
Who proposed there were the eight universal stages during the life span of psychosocial development?
Erik Erickson
How many psychosocial Stages of Development are there?
8
Which psychosocial stages of development are similar?
Autonomy, guilt, industry
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987)
American psychologist who proposed a cognitive theory of moral development
What did Kohlberg do for his dissertation?
he employed piagets clinical method, used 80+ boys were presented each with a series of vignettes containing moral dilemmas and asked about the actions
What questions did Kohlberg use in his study?
He used probing questions
What does Kohlberg theory consists of?
His theory has 3 levels with 2 stages in each level
What is the first level of Kohlberg theory?
is known as pre conventional level
What is the second level of Kohlberg theory?
The second level is called conventional level, not concerned about yourself, by concerned how others see you
What is the third level of Kohlberg theory?
The third level is named the post-conventional level with 2 levels
Carol Gilligan (1936- )
American psychologist who challenged Kohlbergs theory of moral development
What did Carol Gilligan write?
Wrote in a different voice (1982)
What does Gilligan believe?
believes when men and women make real-life moral decisions, they tend to think of impact of their decisions on relationships and the needs of all parties involved
positive psychology
scientific study of happiness and the features of a life well lived
What term did Maslow coin?
termed positive psychology in 1954
Who are the confounders of positive psychology?
Seligman & Csikszentminalyi
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (1934-2021)
Hungarian american psychologist and credited with developing the concept of flow
Flow
a state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to matter
Martin Seligman (1942- )
american psychologist also noted for his work in avoidance learning
Who developed the concept of learned helplessness?
Seligman, helplessness: phenomenon in which an organism fails to escape a painful situation even when it is capable of doing so
What are the three directions of research in positive psychology
- the study of positive emotions
- the study of positive traits that lead to a happy life
- positive institutions: how to arrange our social orgs so members experience flow
Carol Dweck (1946- )
american psychologist who maintains that peoples attitudes about the nature of intelligence influence the amount of effort they put into difficult tasks
Who wrote mindset: the new psychology of success (2006)
Carol Dweck
fixed mindset
it is the belief that a persons intelligence is fixed quantity that cannot change
Growth mindset
it is the belief that intelligence is a mutable quantity that can increase over time
Influencing mindsets
being praised for intelligence or being praised for effort; found out that it was possible to influence a persons mindset about their academic abilities
Positive psychologists
use an empirical approach and quantitative methods
Humanistic Psychologists
use experimental approach and qualitative methods
