Ch. 10 physiology & comparitive psychology Flashcards
physiological psychology
the study of how behavior is generated and guided by the nervous system
comparative psychology
the study of the origin, control and consequences of behavior across a wide range of species
walter cannon (1871-1945)
american physiological psychologist best known for his concepts of fight or flight and homeostasis
Fight of flight
body arousal to a dangerous situation
homeostasis
the processes by which the body maintains stable internal conditions, involves the autonomic nervous system
What did Cannon develop regarding fight or flight?
sympathetic nervous system (regulator for flight or fight responses) hormone adrenaline (arousing the body for action)
Cannon bard theory of emotions
proposed that stimulation of the thalamus, leads to both physiological arousal and the psychological experience of emotion
Who disagreed with james/lange theory of emotions?
Cannon said claimed that bodily arousal happened too slowly for it to be cause of emotional experiences
James/lange focus was on?
psychological experience of emotion, where as Cannon bard focused at only physiological responses to emotional situations
John Garcia (1917-2012)
first hispanic american psychologist and discoverer of conditioned taste aversion
Classical Conditioning
NS needs to be immediately, followed by UCS, CC takes multiple conditioning trials
Conditioned taste aversion
learned avoidance of a food associated with illness
Garcia classical conditioning
the food (NS) may be consumed half an hour or more before stomach distress (UCS) occurs which then produces vomiting (UCR)
How many trials are needed to develop CTA?
only 1 conditioning trial
Karl Lashley (1890-1958)
american physiological psychologist who studied how memories are formed in the brain
Brain mechanisms and intelligence (1929) Lashley
contained studies concerned the location of memories in the brain
engram
hypothetical location in the brain where a memory is stored
What did Lashley find was distributed across the cerebral cortex
provided evidence that memories, especially for comped tasks were distributed across cerebral cortex
mass action
observation that an impairment in functioning depended on the amount of brain tissue destroyed
Brenda Milner (1928-)
british-canadian psychologist who studied memory in patients with brain damage
Study on H.M
patient from connecticut suffering unexpected memory loss after surgery by having areas in hippocampus removed
What is hippocampus involved encoding with which memories?
Explicit memories
Who was considered a pioneer of cognitive neuroscience
Brenda Milner
Roger Sperry (1913-1994)
american psychologist who won the 1981 nobel prize for his research on split-brain patients
What did Sperry wondered about connections within the brain?
whether the connections within the brain might also be hard wired
What happened when the corpus callosum was severed
found a behavior that the animal learned to perform with only one side of its body, didn’t transfer to the other side
Harry Harlow (1905-1981)
american comparative psychologist best known for his studies on the effects of social isolation in monkeys
ethonology
the study of animal behavior in natural settings
Harlow study on monkeys
the baby monkey provided with two mothers one a metal frame with milk and the other a warm cloth frame with no milk, babies spent more time with cloth mother
Koran Lorenz (1903-1989)
an austrian ethologist best known for his studies of imprinting in birds
Imprinting in geese (lorenz)
a behavioral phenomenon in which a newly hatched chick identifies the first moving object as its mother, baby geese would imprint on multiple other objects
