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history of psych > ch. 1-2 > Flashcards

ch. 1-2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Continental Rationalism

A

believed knowledge could be obtained through reason (descartes)

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2
Q

Rene Descartes

A

Lived during early 1600’s, interested in how mind and body work

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3
Q

who found classical conditioning 200 years before pavlov?

A

Rene descartes

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4
Q

who applies scientific knowledge to everyday concerns

A

rene descartes

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5
Q

who wrote treatise of man

A

rene descartes

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6
Q

cartesian dualism

A

mind and body are seperate but can interact

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7
Q

meditations on first philosophy

A

described the relationship between body and soul

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8
Q

method of doubt

A

to question everything that can not be verified

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9
Q

penal gland (descartes)

A

traced optic nerve in animals to find penal gland

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10
Q

penal gland

A

is where body and mind interact with each other

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11
Q

descartes reflex arc 1633

A

no conscious thought required, automatic and mechanical

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12
Q

who viewed humans and animals as biological machines consisting of matter and motion

A

thomas hobbes (1588-1679)

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13
Q

who aruged the mind is nothing more than the product of a mechanical brain

A

thomas hobbes

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14
Q

Materialism (hobbes)

A

there is only matter; nothing more is needed to explain the mind

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15
Q

What is a dead body to hobbes

A

a dead body is a broken machine put into motion

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16
Q

what is a live body to hobbes

A

a live body is a machine with parts

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17
Q

where did hobbes get the matter and motion idea from

A

galei

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18
Q

empiricism

A

believed knowledge can only be obtained through experience (francis bacon)

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19
Q

Who is the father of british empiricism?

A

Francis bacon

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20
Q

method of induction (francis bacon)

A

examine specific cases to discover general rules

ex: in the summer there are ducks in a pond therefore there will be ducks in our pond in summer

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21
Q

doctrine of the idols

A

Francis bacons paper

addressing all the errors, illusions , corruptions

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22
Q

who introduced the term tabula rasa (clean slate) 1690

A

John Locke

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23
Q

who said that knowledge develops first by sensory experience then reflection

A

John Locke

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24
Q

Associationism

A

knowledge develops as simple ideas combining to form complex ideas

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25
Q

What are the two types of senses present (Locke)

A 
Outer senses (sensations)
Inner senses (reflections)
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26
Q

Who came up with new theory of vision?

A

George Berkeley

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27
Q

New theory of vision

A

Properties of an object can only be known through the sense of touch

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28
Q

When do objects in the world exist according to Berkeley?

A

They exist only if they are percieved

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29
Q

What did berkely develop?

A

developed theory of depth perception, the closer an object gets the bigger is gets

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30
Q

phrenology

A

different parts of the brain responsible for intellectual, emotional, and behavioral functions

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31
Q

What did they do with phrenology?

A

assesed lumps and indentations on the skull

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32
Q

What did clients provide for phrenology?

A

clients provided a plan to cultivate and restrain

33
Q

who franchised clinics for phrenology?

A

fowler brothers

34
Q

Physiognomy

A

examined features of the face to asses personality, abilities, intelligence

35
Q

Lombroso

A

used in criminology, criminals identified by facial features

36
Q

Mesmerism

A

relieve symptoms by passing magnets over the body

37
Q

What happens when the magnets were misaligned in mesmerism

A

when misaligned physical and mental illness resulted

38
Q

what was seen as the beginning of psychotherapy in U.S

A

Mesmerism in 1830’s

39
Q

Spirtualism

A

mediums help seances in private homes to communicate with the dead

40
Q

when was second half of spiritualism developed?

A

1800’s in U.S, clients were middle and upper class

41
Q

who was one prominent individual of spritualism

A

Lenora Piper (white crow) she was a medium who had a relationship with william james

42
Q

Mental healing (mind cure)

A

Diseases could be cured by the person themselves, people had mental powers

43
Q

What did negative thoughts lead to in mental healing

A

they led to psychological issues

44
Q

polymat

A

a scholar who makes important contributions

45
Q

Hermann Von Helmholtz (German scientist)

A

conceptualized the relationship between sensation and perception

46
Q

who came up with speed of nerve conduction

A

Helmholtz

47
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

three types of cones in the retina that are differentially sensitive to red, green and blue light

48
Q

Helmholtz pitch perception/place theory

A

frequency analysis is carried out in the inner ear creating a neural spectrum that is then transmitted to the brain
states our perception of sound depends on where each component frequency produces vibrations

49
Q

who conducted research that resolved the helmholtz hearing debate

A

Christian Ladd-Franklin

50
Q

Hermann Ebbinghaus

A

Published on memory in 1885 and invented nonsense syllable (cvc)

51
Q

Psychophysics

A

Study of relationships betwen physical stimuli and the sensations associated with them

52
Q

who came up with just noticeable difference?

A

ernest weber

53
Q

Webers two-point threshold

A

a measure of tactile acuity defined as the smallest seperation at which two points applied simultaneously to the skin can be distinguished from a single point

54
Q

Just Noticeable Difference

A

amount of a stimulus that has to be increased or decreased before a change in the stimulus can be detected

55
Q

Gustav Fetchner

A

founder of psychophysics

56
Q

Panpsychism

A

belief that all things in the universe have consciousness

57
Q

Webers law

A

The just-noticeable difference is always proportion of the original stimulus (k)

58
Q

Fetchners law

A

proposal that the intensity of the mental sensation (s) is related by a logarithmic function (log) to the actual intensity of the stimulus (R)
s=Klogr

59
Q

Fetchners Book

A

elements of psychophysics

60
Q

Elements of psychophysics

A

included distinction between “outer psychophysics” and “inner psychophysics”

61
Q

Francis Galton

A

coined the term “nature and nurture”

62
Q

Who studied twins and came up with devised twin and adoption method

A

Francis Galton

63
Q

who created the scatterplot

A

francis galton

64
Q

What is a scatterplot

A

best fitting regression line

65
Q

who founded anthropometric laboratory

A

Francis Galton

66
Q

who developed data gathering and analysis methods

A

Francis Galton

67
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection

68
Q

Who completed the voyage of the HSM beagle 1831-1836

A

Charles Darwin

69
Q

Who studied plants and observed animal life

A

Charles Darwin

70
Q

Who wrote the origin of species (1859)

A

Charles Darwin

71
Q

Natural Selection

A

the mechanism by which this evolution takes place in

72
Q

Where do diverse groups of animals evolve from?

A

one or a few common ancestors

73
Q

Components of natural selection

A

Variability, competition, heritability

74
Q

Variability

A

Individual members of a species vary widely in characteristics

75
Q

Competition

A

constant competition for resources

76
Q

Heritability

A

those individuals who survive to reproduce will pass their advantageous features to next generation

77
Q

Theory of creationsim

A

animals are in present form

78
Q

Who Developed Theory of lamackism

A

Darwin developed

history of psych (12 decks)

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