ch. 7-8 Flashcards
What was included in freuds theory of sexuality?
infantile sexuality and psychosexual development
How many stages were apart of freuds stages of psychosexual development?
there were 5
Freuds oral stage (0-1 years)
Pleasure from nursing
Freuds Anal Stage (1-3 years)
pleasure from bowel and bladder elimination
Freuds Phallic Stage (3-6 years)
pleasure from touching genitals
Freuds importance ?
describing the development of both normal and abnormal personality
How did freud come up with all the stages?
The idea of development progressing through the stages provided inspiration for the following stages
When did the American psychoanalytic Association Form?
In 1911 along with training for psychiatrists established at this time
When did the psychoanalytic review become founded?
1911
What happened when psychoanalysis began in America?
freud gave his five lectures in german at clark university in massachusetts in 1909
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
Austrian Psychologist also the first to break from freud
Why did Adler break from Freud?
adler felt that the libido was a “life force” and non-sexual, dismissed freuds theory of oedipus complex
What was Adlers theory?
Individual psych
Individual Psych
the drive to overcome feelings of inferiority by compensation and the need to achieve personal goals that have value for society.
Striving for superiority
adlers term for peoples natural desire to improve themsevles
Inferiority complex
adlers term that some people assume a lifestyle dominated by a sense of helplessness and unworthiness
Superiority Complex
adlers term that explains a lifestyle dominated by a sense of being better than other people
C.G Jung
Swiss psychologist, considered by Freud as “The Crown Prince”
What happened in 1912-1913 to Carl Jung?
he broke with freud because Jung’s creation of 2 parts of the unconsciousness
Jung’s theory Analytical Psychology
“empirical science” of the psyche
Jung’s mind/psyche has 3 parts
conscious, the personal unconscious & the collective unconscious
conscious
contains the ego which he called “the gate keeper to consciousness”
The personal unconscious
contains all threatening and non-threatening, non-conscious thoughts that are not currently a part of conscious awareness
The collective unconscious
a deeper level of the unconscious, contains archetypes
archetypes
universal emotional symbols stored in collective unconscious
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
German american psychologist who was a pioneer in feminine psychology
What did Karen Horney say about Freud?
attacked freudian views on notion of women and female “penis envy”
Tyranny of should
Horneys term for the tension between the real and ideal self
ideal self
not moving to self realization
real self
moving toward self realization
Anna Freud (1895-1982)
Austrian British Psychoanalyst, worked with children in psychoanalysis
What did Anna Freud write?
Wrote the ego and the mechanisms of defense which clarified freuds work
What did Anna Freud do with Dorothy Burlington?
Helped with the Hampshire nurseries during WWII
Dorothy Burlingham
was one of the first psychoanalysts to directly observe children
what did french psychologists first do?
approached questions of the mind by studying patients with mental disorders via case studies (natural experiments)
What did french psychologists never do?
They never divided into ‘schools’
Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893)
French neurologist, who first described the symptoms and possible causes of hysteria
Where did Jean-Martin Charcot work?
Salpetriere- a famous mental hospital in Paris, France
What did Jean Charcot believe about psychological disorders?
They were due to disruptions in functioning of the nervous system, including hysteria
What were the two topics Jean Charcot studied?
studied both hysteria & epilepsy,
What did Jean Charcot suggest about hysteria?
suggested that trauma may be a trigger for hysteria and hinted that frustrated sexuality may lie at the root of the disorder
Who did Jean Charcot train?
Trained next generation neurologists
Alfred Binet (1857-1922)
French Psychologist who collaborated with Simon to produce the first reliable intelligence test
How many stages are in Binet’s distinct career changes?
3
1st stage (Binet)
focused on psychopathology, Binet believed the only way to understand the mind was to study mentally health patients
2nd stage
experimental psychology, investigated in which stage magicians created illusions-perceptual system
What did Binet Conclude from 2nd stage?
concluded that it wasn’t the eyes that were being deceived but the mind as deception was visible if you knew where to look
3rd stage (Binet)
Studied childhood development
What was developed in stage 3? (Binet)
individual psychology: children’s thinking was different than adults within each age grounds
Theodore Simon (1872-1961)
French Psychologist who collaborated with Binet
Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale
consists of thirty tasks administered to children between two to twelve
What did B+S determine?
determined which tasks were usually solved by normal children of a given age
Mental age
is the level at which the individual is operating
Where did mental age adapt from?
adapted from stanford-binet (terman) and basis for Army Alpha (yerkes)
Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Swiss Psychologist who developed the cognitive theory of development
Who developed the stage model of cognitive development?
piagets theory that focuses on how children think and how their thinking changes as they grow
Clinical Method (Piaget)
asking probing questions and recording responded with out judgement
Who did Piaget work with?
worked in Binets laboratory school collecting data
What did Piaget ask children about?
when children gave incorrect answers to obvious answers began asking them why
Conservation tasks
concrete operational stage included three steps
N/A
N/A
Neurosis
a relatively mild mental illness that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress
Neurasthenia
an ill-defined medical condition characterized by lassitude, fatigue, headache, and irritability, associated chiefly with emotional disturbance
Hysteria
a type of mental disorder in which a wide variety of sensory, motor, or psychic disturbances may occur
Psychosis
a condition that affects the way your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality
Psychoanalysis Depth Psychology
Freuds theory of the origins of psychological disorders and his method of curing them
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Austrian considered father of psychoanalysis
What did most of Sigmund Freuds patients have?
Hysteria
What was sigmund freuds MD in?
neurology
Who was known as the expert of hysteria?
charcot
Breuer
pioneered use of cathartic method to treat hysteria
Who worked together with Anna O.?
Josef Breuer, worked on hysteria and the talking cure
What hysteria caused by?
repression
What was the treatment for hysteria disorder?
bring repressed memory back to consciousness
What is psychoanalysis?
it is designed to bring unconscious conflicts into consciousness
free association
reporting what ever comes to mind without monitoring its contents
dream analysis
interpreting underlying meaning of dreams to reveal unconscious processes; “Royal road to the unconscious” in the interpretation of dreams (1900)
Manifest Content
the content of a dream that a person remembers
Latent Content
the unconscious meaning of a dream
When did Freud develop his theory of the structure of personality?
in the ego and in the Id
Id
the most primitive part of the mind, operating wholly at an unconscious level, present at birth
Libido
the psychic energy that energizes the Id
Fixation
excessive investment of libido in particular stage that results in various types of personalities
ego
mostly conscious/pre conscious,
it’s rational, logical, reason; develops 2-3 years old
Where does the Id operate?
it operates on the pleasure principle
Where does the ego operate?
operated on the reality principle
What exactly does the ego do?
acts to control Id and help satisfy its demands and looks at current situation and controls the moral code of super ego
Super ego
conscious, preconscious, unconscious; moral compass/conscience; develops
5-7 years acts in direct opposition to the Id
Where does the super ego operate?
operates on the morality principle
What happened during WWII with Lewin?
the U.S experienced a shortage of meat and lewin was asked to find ways to encourage americans to eat less meat
Who were found to be the gatekeepers in the food decision process?
Women
Effects of leadership styles
children were told to construct a mask, 2 groups of children engaged in a project, one democratic leader/one authoritarian leader
3 step model of change (Lewin)
his process for reshaping the culture of a group by changing the attitudes and behavior of its members
what’s the 3 step model of change?
- unfreeze the culture
- move the culture
- refreeze the culture
field theory
an individuals behavior is determined by personal situational force
Tamara Dembo (1902-1993)
Russian american pioneer in the field of rehabilitation psychology
What did dembo and lewin do together?
worked w/ lewin on a series of studies on how children deal with frustration
What longitudinal study did dembo do?
a study on war veterans who’d lost limbs which she published as adjustment to misfortune in 1956
