Chapter 13 - social and emotional devel. middle Flashcards
for older children how is self esteem measured and what is the most widely used
questionnaire
-self-perception profile for children
the sppc evaluates self wirth in children what what 5 domaines
scholastic competnece
athletic competence
social acceptance
behavioural conduct
physical apeparance
why is a drop in self esteem common through elementary school
begin to compare themselves with others
younger childrens ratings of self esteem are often what across diferent domains
consistent
older childrens self esteem is often what across domains
differ
-develop multiple self esteems
aroudn the world children have higher self esteem when families hwat
live in harmony and parents nurture their children
children with high self esteem generally have parents who are what when it comes to rules
arent afraid to set them and are opern to discussing them with t heir children
inflated statements of praise and comments about the childs personal qualities can what
backfire
-migt respond positively intially but later when struggling with something can end up feeling worse
when is praise helpful and appropriate
well timed, genuine and does not link appreciation and admiration to childrens achievements
what are idiocentric people
people who tend to emphasize independence and personal eneds and goals over those of tohers
what are allocentric people
people who tend to emphasize interdependence, affiliation and cooperation with groups they belong to more than their own goals
idiocentric children ten to report less what compared to allocentric
social support
between idiocentric and allocentric children, which childs self esteem can be predicedt by level of social support they experience from their best friend
allocentric
in gifted classes what type of student will be more affected by social comparisons
who value top of the class status compared to those more intent on mastering challenging material
self esteem is greater in general when what
-students work hadr in school
-get along with peers
-avoid disciplinary problems
-particiapte in extracurricular activities
what are 4 risks for children with low self esteem
more likely to have problems with peers
-more prone to psychological disroders
-more likely to be involved in antisocial behavior
-more likely to do poorly in school
*many of these cases caused by low self esteem but these outcomes can also cause low self esteem
why are older children better at resolving conflict
perspective taking
-realize others see the world differently
what is the next step forward in middle childhood to perspective taking
seeing themselves as others do
-makes social interactions and resolving conflicts easier
what can significantly impair a childs abiltiy to take another persons perspective
maltreatment and abuse
in middle childhood what are the most common acitities with peers
just spending time together and talking
what 3 primary purposes were found in prosocial acitvites in children
-provide prosocial context to support childrens developmetn of relationshipd and sense of belonging
-focus on achievemnt as well as value and integrity of childs self
-opporutnities for learning and instruction
friendships among children fo different groups and afes are more commin in what schools
smaller classes
children with same and opposite sex friends tend to be hwat
very well adjusted and have good social skills
children with only opposite sex friends tend to be
unpopular, less competent academically and socially, have lower self esteem
children with good friends have higher what and are less likely to what and more likely to what
-self esteem
-lonely and depressed,
-more often act prosocially, cope better with life stresses
popular children are better at what
initiating social interactions with other children
-more skillful at communicating and better at integrating themselves into an ongoing conversation or play session
whose more likely to share, cooperate and help and less likely to start fights or break rules, popular or unpopular
popular
rejected children tend to be what
socially unskilled
-agressive and attack peers without provocation
-demonstrate poor self-control and disruptive behaviour in school
who is more likely to drop out of school, commit juvenile offences and sufer from psychopatholgy
rejected youngsters
what has been the most values aspect of school experience for many children
peer relationships
inconsistent discipline si associated with what in a child
antisocial and agressive behaviour
-paving way to rejection
what is prejudice
negative view of others based on their membership in a specifc view
prejudice is less pronounced in what aged children
older
-but does not vanish, remain biased positively toward their own group and engatively to others
what are most promising types of interventions designed to reuce prejudice
reading about other cultures/people
cooperative learning activties
use of media to foster more positive attiutdes between people of different cultures and lifestlyes
free the children are dedicated to what
protectin rights of children
what is prosocial behaviour
actions that promote harmony in a scoail group
what is altruism
procosial behavoiru that helps another with no direct benefit to the individual performint the behaviour
what is empathy and children with this are more inclined to what compared to those who lack it
ability ot understand another persons emotions
-help others
parents who model positive well-regulated emotional expression tend to have children ith what
higher empathy and socio-emotional competence
what are 4 situations in which a child may act altruistically
-feel responsbile for person
-feel they have the necessary skills to help
-feel happy and successfull
-actions involve few or modest sacrifices
what are 2 ways parents can influence prosocial behaviour
reasoning and modelling (children imitate behaviours)
parents who report frequent feelings of warmth and concern for others tend to have children who
experience stronger feelings of empathy
childrens behaviour also has a reciprocal influence on hwo what
others behave towards them
helicopter parenting can result in what
having less empathy and prosocial interactins with others
what is dispositional praise
linking the childs altruistic behaviour to un underlying altruisic characteristic of the person
what is the most obvious way to foster sharing and other altruisic behavoiurs in children
rewarding them for acts of generosity
-prasie
-dispositional praise
what is instrumental agression
child uses agression to achieve an explicit
what is reactive agression
reacts agressively to another childs behaviour
what is relational agression
hurting another person by damagin that persons social relationships
-verbal form of agression
children who edmonstrate insecure parental attachment are more likely to exhibit what when comes to agression
mor severe levels of agression
is agressivenes as a child indicator for adults
thye are more likely to act agressive as adults maybe
with divorce in childrens scohol achivement who is msot affected and why
school age cjildren adn adolescents
-one parent is less accessible as a role model
in divorce when childrens conduct who is most affected and why
children who are temperamentally emotinoal
-single-partn families experience economic hardship
in divorse whos is most affect when it comes to pschological adjustment and why
children prone to interpret events neatively
-conflict between parents is distressing
what is a latchkey child
oen who is often left at home alone
