Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Psychology > Chapter 13 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What defines a psychological disorder?

A

Patterns of behavior or mental processes connected with emotional distress or significant impairment in functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the flat affect?

A

Severe reduction in emotional expressiveness or a faulty perception of reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a perception in the absence of sensory stimulation that is confused with reality?

A

Hallucination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an inaccurate belief of being victimized or persecuted?

A

Idea of persecution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are there concerns about the reliability and validity of the DSM-5?

A

Categories are determined by a consensus of esteemed psychiatrists rather than empirical evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the DSM-5 include?

A
  • symptomology
  • typical age of onset
  • predispositions
  • prognoses
  • prevalence in the population
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the percentage of Canadians that will meet the criteria for a DSM-5 disorder in their lifetime?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many Canadian are affected with Seasonal Affective Disorder each year?

A

1 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is SAD associated with?

A

Diminished sunlight hours (low vitamin D). Relieved with light treatment or going to the sun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a serious to severe depressive disorder in which the person may show loss of appetite, psychomotor retardation, and impaired reality testing?

A

Major Depressive Disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a condition in which one’s mood alternates between two extreme poles, mania and depression?

A

Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do external events effect the cycle of the two moods in bipolar disorder?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which stage of bipolar shows excessive excitement?

A

Manic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which stage is comparable to characteristics of MDD, including elevated risk of suicide?

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When do neurodevelopmental disorders first appear?

A

Childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two neurodevelopmental disorders?

A

1) autism spectrum disorder

2) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are two primary criteria for Autism spectrum disorder?

A

1) impaired social interaction

2) restrictive and repetitive behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What percentage of the population is diagnosed with autism?

A

1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

With disorder is the inability to focus one’s attention?

A

ADHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What percentage of kids and adults are diagnosed with ADHD?

A

5% children and 2.5% adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a psychological symptom of anxiety?

A

Worrying, fear of worst-case scenario, nervousness and inability to relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a physical symptom of anxiety?

A

Arousal of sympathetic branch or sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the persistent fear of a specific object or situation?

A

Specific phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the fear of tight, small spaces?

A

Claustrophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the fear of high places?

A

Acrophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the irrational, excessive fear of public scrutiny?

A

Social phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the fear of open and crowded places?

A

Agorophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the recurrent experiencing of attacks of extreme anxiety in the absence of external stimuli that usually elicit anxiety?

A

Panic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the persistent free-floating anxiety that can’t be attributed to an object, situation or activity?

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are some symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?

A
  • motor tension
  • autonomic over-arousal
  • hypervigilance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

With generalized anxiety disorder, how long can feelings of anxiety and sympathetic arousal be present for?

A

At least 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are enduring patterns of behaviour that are maladaptive, inflexible and interfere with normal daily functioning?

A

Personality disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a personality disorder marked by an unwillingness to enter relationships without the assurance of acceptance?

A

Avoidant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a personality disorder with a disregard for rights and feelings of others, manipulative, impulsive, selfish, aggressive, irresponsible, reckless, willing to break laws for personal gain?

A

Antisocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What personality disorder fits 2-3% of Canadiansc including convicted mass murderers?

A

Antisocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What personality disorder is characterized by instability in mood, behavior, self-image, and social relationships?

A

Borderline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What personality disorder leaves people with difficulty with interpersonal relationships due to their rigid perfectionism and inflexibility?

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control?

A

Obsessions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are thoughts or behaviours that tend to reduce the anxiety connected with compulsions?

A

Compulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is a disorder that compels individuals to amass large quantities of items and experience anxiety at the prospect of discarding them?

A

Hoarding disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a somatoform disorder marked by preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated personal physical effect?

A

Body dysmorphic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What disorders arise when people complain of physical problems even though no physical abnormality can be found?

A

Somatoform disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is a somatoform disorder in which anxiety or unconscious conflicts are converted into physical symptoms that often have the effect of helping people cope with anxiety or conflict?

A

Conversion disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What disorder may include blindness or paralysis, not intentionally produced or fake?

A

Conversion disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is an effect of conversion disorder that can cause some people to be indifferent to their symptoms?

A

La belle Indifference

46
Q

What is a somatoform disorder characterized by persistent belief that one is ill despite lack of medical findings?

A

Hypochondriasis

47
Q

What disorders involve sudden, temporary changes in consciousness or self-identity?

A

Dissociative disorders

48
Q

What disorder is marked by loss of memory or self-identity that can’t be attributed to a biological problem?

A

Dissociative disorder

49
Q

What is the loss of memory and self-identity that involves travel to another place?

A

Dissociative fugue

50
Q

What is the disorder in which the person experiences detachment from his or her self and surroundings?

A

Depersonalization/derealization

51
Q

What disorders causes an individual’s surroundings to seem foggy, lifeless, colourless and empty?

A

Derealization

52
Q

What is a disorder in which a person appears to have two or more distinct identities or personalities that alternately emerge?

A

Dissociative identity disorder

53
Q

Which disorder was formerly known as multiple personality disorder?

A

Dissociative identity disorder

54
Q

Which personality disorder causes individuals to seek attention and approval, be overly dramatic and self-centered, shallow and craving excitement?

A

Histrionic

55
Q

What personality disorder is characterized by efforts to build up self-worth through attention seeking and approval from others?

A

Narcissistic personality disorder

56
Q

What is characterized by highly suspicious, untrusting, guarded, hypersensitive, easily slighted, lacking in emotion, holding grudges?

A

Paranoid

57
Q

What is a personality disorder characterized by oddities of thought and behaviour, but not involving bizarre psychotic behaviours?

A

Schizotypal personality disorder

58
Q

Which personality disorder is similar to schizophrenia?

A

Schizotypal

59
Q

What is a severe psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and loss of contact with reality?

A

Schizophrenia

60
Q

What is a false, persistent belief that is unsubstantiated by sensory or objective evidence?

A

Delusion

61
Q

What is feeling or emotional response, particularly as suggested by facial expression and body language?

A

Affect

62
Q

When do symptoms of schizophrenia usually appear and how long do they continue?

A

Adolescence and continue throughout life

63
Q

What are some presentations of schizophrenia?

A
  • cognitions
  • verbal comprehension
  • sensory perception
  • attention
  • motor activity
  • mood
  • social functioning
64
Q

In schizophrenia, what is the difference between positive and negative symptoms?

A 
Positive = how THEY experience life
Negative = how WE tend to see it
65
Q

What is a type of schizophrenia characterized by extreme stillness or stupor, and periods of agitation and excitement?

A

Catatonic schizophrenia

66
Q

What is a type of schizophrenia characterized by delusions of grandeur or persecution?

A

Paranoid schizophrenia

67
Q

What is the most serious type of schizophrenia?

A

Disorganized schizophrenia

68
Q

What is a catch all category of schizophrenia?

A

Undifferentiated schizophrenia

69
Q

What do genetics say about parents and schizophrenia?

A

No evidence to point a finger of blame at either parent for schizophrenia

70
Q

What are possible contributing factors to schizophrenia?

A
  • Maternal diabetes
  • father’s advanced age
  • prenatal stress, infection and malnutrition
  • complications during pregnancy and birth
  • birth during winter
71
Q

What do effective drugs in reducing schizophrenic symptoms usually block?

A

Dopamine

72
Q

Where does most dopamine activity usually occur, affecting human emotion?

A

Limbic system

73
Q

What is the diathesis stress model?

A

People with a predisposition toward a disorder may develop it if they are subjected to environmental stress

74
Q

Which gender is schizophrenia more likely to occur in?

A

Men

75
Q

How does schizophrenia affect the brain?

A

Reduced frontal lobe activity, volume of brain structures and poor communication between hemispheres

76
Q

How do learning theorists explain schizophrenia?

A

Conditioning and social setting (bizarre behaviours unwittingly reinforced)

77
Q

What is the sociocultural perspective on schizophrenia?

A

Schizophrenia is more common around lower statused individuals, but low socioeconomic status may be a result rather than a cause

78
Q

What is the biopsychosocial perspective of schizophrenia?

A

Biological, psychological and sociocultural factors all play a role in the development of schizophrenia

79
Q

What do the biological perspectives of schizophrenia focus on?

A

Brain abnormalities

80
Q

Where is the highest percentage of individuals with MDD?

A

Manitoba

81
Q

Where is the lowest percentage of individuals with MDD?

A

Prince Edward Island

82
Q

What do biological perspectives say about mood disorders?

A

Certain heritable personality traits are associated with depression

83
Q

What is a personality trait characterized by persistent anxiety?

A

Neuroticism

84
Q

How are genetic factors responsible for bipolar disorder?

A

Individuals with depression have underutilized serotonin

85
Q

What do psychological perspectives say about mood disorders?

A

Individuals with external locus of control, learned helplessness, and cognitive factor perfectionism have higher propensity toward depression

86
Q

What does the biopsychosocial perspective say about mood disorders?

A

Interactions between biological, situational and psychological factors contribute to the development of mood disorders

87
Q

What are biological and environmental causes correlating with autism?

A

1) increased age of parents

2) complication during pregnancy or delivery

88
Q

What are explanations about ADHD?

A

Twin studies suggest genetic determinants, imaging studies show smaller frontal lobes and mother’s smoking during pregnancy has been linked

89
Q

How is OCD explained?

A

It is inherited

90
Q

Imbalances in which hormones are linked to OCD?

A

Serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline

91
Q

What two dysfunctional neurological circuits are found in OCD?

A

Frontal cortex and modulatory control

92
Q

What percentage of variation for hoarding is accounted for by genes?

A

36%

93
Q

What is body dysmorphic disorder related to?

A

Abnormalities in serotonin, dopamine, and frontal cortex structures and unrealistic standards of beauty and athleticism

94
Q

How do biological factors play into antisocial behaviour?

A

Less grey matter in prefrontal cortex

95
Q

What do learning theorists say about antisocial behavior?

A

Certain childhood experiences contribute to their maladaptive ways or relating to others in adulthood

96
Q

What do cognitive psychologists say about antisocial disorder?

A

Antisocial adolescents miscode social information

97
Q

How do sociocultural factors play into borderline disorder?

A

Borderline may develop as a result of living in a fragmented society

98
Q

How do biological perspectives explain anxiety?

A

Genetic factors (anxiety runs in families)
Low levels of glutamate and GABA in anxiety
Faulty serotonin and norepinephrine in panic disorder

99
Q

What is the psychological and social perspectives of anxiety disorders?

A

Behaviourists consider phobias to be conditioned fears acquired in childhood
Social-cognitive theorists believe that social factors (observational learning) contribute to development of phobias

100
Q

What is the biopsychosocial perspective of anxiety disorders?

A

Biological imbalances might trigger a panic attack and the psychological experience of fear and the social setting in which panic attack occurs may impact the disorder

101
Q

What perspective best explains somatoform disorders?

A

Biopsychosocial

102
Q

How are somatoform disorders explained by the biopsychosocial disorders?

A

People focus on the body instead of what is really troubling them

103
Q

How do learning and cognitive psychologists explain dissociate disorders?

A

People with these disorders are attempting to keep bad memories out of mind

104
Q

What is the most common reason for suicide?

A

Escape feelings of depression, hopelessness and helplessness

105
Q

What percentage of Canadians consider suicide in any given year?

A

3.7%

106
Q

How many Canadians commit suicide every year?

A

3700

107
Q

What is the second-leading cause of death among Canadian adolescents?

A

Suicide

108
Q

What is the difference in statistics between men and women in suicide rates?

A

Men are 3x more likely to end their life this way

109
Q

What are risk factors for suicidal adolescents?

A

Confusion, impulsiveness, emotional instability, interpersonal problems

110
Q

When are men at the highest risk for suicide?

A

85 years old

Intro to Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions