Chapter 12 Vocab

Question 0

Trisomy 21/Down Syndrome

Answer 0

• 3 copies of 21st chromosome pair
• 1/700 US births; often results in miscarriage
• below average height, heart defects, shorter life span
• most common genetic disorder

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Complete set of genetic material

Question 2

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 2

• XXY male (extra X)

* less facial hair, less muscular

Question 3

Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 3

• X_Female (single X)

* Usually sterile, physical abnormalities, health problems

Question 4

Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)

Answer 4

• extra chromosome 13
• occurs in 1 of 10,000 births
• Cleft lip, decreased muscle tone, extra finger/toe

Question 5

Nondisjunction

Answer 5

Homologous chromosomes don’t separate during meiosis

Question 6

Duplication

Answer 6

Part of chromosome repeated, often cause development abnormalities

Question 7

Deletion

Answer 7

Fragment of chromosome lost, don’t produce coded by those genes

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

Flip a fragment of chromosome, less harmful

Question 9

Translocation

Answer 9

Fragment of one chromosome attack to a non-homologous chromosome, sometimes non-homologous chromosome exchange parts

Question 10

Transposons

Answer 10

Jumping genes