11.1 - 11.3 Quiz

Question 0

Virus

Answer 0

Nucleus acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in protein, not made of cells, reproduce using a cell

Question 1

Transforming substance

Answer 1

Found in bacteria by Griffith

Question 2

Bacteriophage

Answer 2

Virus that infects bacteria

Question 3

DNA replication

Answer 3

Process of copying DNA molecule

Question 4

Template mechanism

Answer 4

DNA molecule serves as template to make an identical copy

Question 5

Origin of replication

Answer 5

First step in double helix replication, needed because we need to be specific about what strands are being replicated.

Question 6

Replication Bubbles

Answer 6

Push outward in both directions, opening parent DNA strands

Question 7

Parent DNA stands

Answer 7

What is expanded by the replication bubbles

Question 8

Pyrimidine

Answer 8

Single ring base (T and C)

Question 9

Purine

Answer 9

Double ring base (A and G)

Question 10

Daughter DNA Strands

Answer 10

Formed with complementary bases added opposite parent strands

Question 11

DNA polymerase

Answer 11

Enzyme which forms covalent bonds between nucleotides in daughter strand

Question 12

Double Helix

Answer 12

Twisting shape of 2 connected strands of nucleotides

Question 13

Complementary base pairs

Answer 13

Made of nitrogenous bases, based on size of bases, A-T, G-C, sequence determines complementary sequence of other strand

Question 14

Name the four nitrogen bases

Answer 14

Thymine, Cytosine, Adenine, Guanine

Question 15

Griffith’s experiment

Answer 15

Found a transforming substance which causes a heritable change in other bacteria, observed that bacteria transformed when mixed with deadly bacteria. Ended up killing mice.

Question 16

Avery’s experiment

Answer 16

Preformed experiment with bacteria to investigate which molecule (DNA or protein) contains heritable genetic information. Found that DNA destroyed traits could not pass from one bacteria to another. DNA is the transforming factor

Question 17

Hershey and Chase’s experiment

Answer 17

Used viruses to test protein vs. DNA as heritable factor. Group 1: mark protein with radioactive substance Group 2: mark DNA. Infect bacterial cells > DNA showed up inside the cells protein only show up outside the cells. They found that DNA is hereditary material.

Question 18

Which bases are complementary?

Answer 18

A bonds with T, G bonds with C

Question 19

How many bonds are shared between each base pair?

Answer 19

A and T: 2

G and C: 3

Question 20

How does DNA replicate? (4 steps)

Answer 20

1. Replication begins at origin of replication
2. 2 strands separate
3. Replication bubbles push outward in both directions, opening parent DNA strands
4. Daughter strands formed with complementary bases added opposite parent strands. (DNA Polymerase added)