Chapter 10. Vocab Flashcards
Trait
A variation of a particular characteristic
Heredity
How traits are passed from parents to offspring
Blending hypothesis
Offsprings trait is a blend of parents traits, genetic studies later disapproved this theory
particulate hypothesis
Parents pass on factors to offspring that determine traits, these jeans retain their ideal generation after generation
Self fertilization
Pollen from a flower on a single plant used to fertilize a flower on the same plant
Cross-fertilization
Pollen from one plant fertilizes another
P generation
True breeding parent plants
F one generation
First generation of offspring, hybrids
Hybrids
First generation of offspring also known as the F1 generation
Mono hybrid crosses
Breed two plants that only differ in one trait
Alleles
Alternative forms of genes
Homozygous
both same allele
Heterozygous
One allele of each type
Dominant
Affects the trait in a heterozygous individual, allele written as capital letter
Recessive
Does not appear to affect the trait, lowercase same letter
Principle of segregation of alleles
Two alleles of a trait separate when a parent forms gametes
phenotype
Observable trait
Genotype
Genetic, combo of alleles
Test cross
An organism with dominant phenotype could be home not homozygous dominant or heterozygous, use a test cross to determine the genotype, breed unknown genotype plans with homozygous recessive plant
Dihybrid cross
Some of Mandel’s experiments crossed plants that differed in two characteristics
