Ch. 6 Vocab Flashcards by Julia Greenwood

Cell

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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Prokaryotic

archaea and bacteria, no nucleus, DNA found in nucleoid region, lacks organelles

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Eukaryotic

has a true nucleus, includes protists, fungi, plants and animals

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Organelle

“mini organ” specialized within a cell

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Nucleus

control center, contains DNA

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Cell Membrane

semi-permeble outer barrier of the cell

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Cytoplasm

material between membrane and nucleus

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Ribosome

produces proteins

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Mitochondria

“powerhouse of the cell”, site of cellular respiration

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Nucleolus

contains parts to make ribosomes- dark spot

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Nuclear Envelope

contains force

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Rough E.R.

has ribosomes attached. builds protiens

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Smooth E.R.

no ribosomes. builds lipids

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Golgi Apparatus

modify, store, transports proteins (processing + shipping)

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Vacuole

stores nutrients. larger in plants

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Lysosome

bubble of digestive enzymes

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Cytoskeleton

network of support fibers. provide structure and organization to the cell

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Centriole

spindle fibers in cell division.

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Flagella

tail like projection for movement

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Cilia

small hair like projection for movement

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Robert Hooke

observed dead cork cells

* coined the phrase “cells”

Anton Von Leuwenblock

Saw tiny cells in pond water (probably protists)

Why were microscopes important to Hooke and Leuwenblocks discoveries?

The first to view cells

Plant vs. Animal Cells

Similarities:
•cell membrane
•nucleus
•cytoplasm 
•membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, RER, SER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus)

Plants:
Cell wall, boxy shape, larger vacuole, chloroplasts.
Animals:
Rounded shape
No chloroplasts

Cell Membrane

Functions: form boundaries between 2 watery environments (cytoplasm and cell membrane) Structural Parts: Phospholipid Bilayer, and Membrane proteins

What does semipermeable mean? Why is that an important factor of cell membranes?

Only allows certain substances in/out. Important because it controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Cell to Cell Recognization

Some membrane proteins help cells communicate to other cells

Cell signaling/communication

Some proteins help cells communicate. A messenger may bind to the protein causing it to change shape and sends a message

Transport proteins

Help move a substances (like water and sugar across membranes)

Passive vs. Active transport

Passive transport: diffusion across a membrane that does not use any energy from the cell Active: uses energy to move molecules across membrane

Diffusion

Molecules move from high to low concentration

Facilitated diffusion

Transport proteins in the membrane provide a pathway for certain molecules to pass

Osmosis

Passive transport (diffusion) of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Hypertonic

More solute than water

Hypotonic

More water than solute

Isotonic

Balenced, equal amounts of solute sand water

How will water or solutes move across membranes between different types of solutions?

Hypertonic: from cell to water Hypotonic: from water to cell

Cell Membrane

outer edge of animal cell

Cell wall

Boarder of plant cell

chloroplasts

used for photosynthesis

vesicle

small membranes used to move substances

Cell Theory

living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, cells come from the cell

Membrane Proteins

used for different facilitated diffusion, channels

Enymes

a membrane protein that helps catalyze chemical reactions

Exocytosis

vesicles carrying molecules exit the cell

Endcytosis

molecules enter cell into new vesicle

protein pump

example of active transport

Explain why turgor pressure is helpful to plants

it keeps stems and leaves firm

What would happen if a cell was put into a hypotonic solution?

Cell would burst

What would happen if a cell was put into a hypertonic solution?

Cell would shrivel