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Biology > Ch. 6 Vocab > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Cell

A

the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

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2
Q

Prokaryotic

A

archaea and bacteria, no nucleus, DNA found in nucleoid region, lacks organelles

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3
Q

Eukaryotic

A

has a true nucleus, includes protists, fungi, plants and animals

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4
Q

Organelle

A

“mini organ” specialized within a cell

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

control center, contains DNA

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6
Q

Cell Membrane

A

semi-permeble outer barrier of the cell

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

material between membrane and nucleus

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8
Q

Ribosome

A

produces proteins

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9
Q

Mitochondria

A

“powerhouse of the cell”, site of cellular respiration

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10
Q

Nucleolus

A

contains parts to make ribosomes- dark spot

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11
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

contains force

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12
Q

Rough E.R.

A

has ribosomes attached. builds protiens

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13
Q

Smooth E.R.

A

no ribosomes. builds lipids

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14
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

modify, store, transports proteins (processing + shipping)

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15
Q

Vacuole

A

stores nutrients. larger in plants

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16
Q

Lysosome

A

bubble of digestive enzymes

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

network of support fibers. provide structure and organization to the cell

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18
Q

Centriole

A

spindle fibers in cell division.

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19
Q

Flagella

A

tail like projection for movement

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20
Q

Cilia

A

small hair like projection for movement

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21
Q

Robert Hooke

A
  • observed dead cork cells

* coined the phrase “cells”

22
Q

Anton Von Leuwenblock

A

Saw tiny cells in pond water (probably protists)

23
Q

Why were microscopes important to Hooke and Leuwenblocks discoveries?

A

The first to view cells

24
Q

Plant vs. Animal Cells

A 
Similarities:
•cell membrane
•nucleus
•cytoplasm 
•membrane bound organelles (mitochondria, RER, SER, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus)
Plants:
Cell wall, boxy shape, larger vacuole, chloroplasts.
Animals:
Rounded shape
No chloroplasts
25
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Functions: form boundaries between 2 watery environments (cytoplasm and cell membrane)
Structural Parts: Phospholipid Bilayer, and Membrane proteins

26
Q

What does semipermeable mean? Why is that an important factor of cell membranes?

A

Only allows certain substances in/out. Important because it controls what goes in and out of the cell.

27
Q

Cell to Cell Recognization

A

Some membrane proteins help cells communicate to other cells

28
Q

Cell signaling/communication

A

Some proteins help cells communicate. A messenger may bind to the protein causing it to change shape and sends a message

29
Q

Transport proteins

A

Help move a substances (like water and sugar across membranes)

30
Q

Passive vs. Active transport

A

Passive transport: diffusion across a membrane that does not use any energy from the cell

Active: uses energy to move molecules across membrane

31
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules move from high to low concentration

32
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Transport proteins in the membrane provide a pathway for certain molecules to pass

33
Q

Osmosis

A

Passive transport (diffusion) of water across a selectively permeable membrane

34
Q

Hypertonic

A

More solute than water

35
Q

Hypotonic

A

More water than solute

36
Q

Isotonic

A

Balenced, equal amounts of solute sand water

37
Q

How will water or solutes move across membranes between different types of solutions?

A

Hypertonic: from cell to water
Hypotonic: from water to cell

38
Q

Cell Membrane

A

outer edge of animal cell

39
Q

Cell wall

A

Boarder of plant cell

40
Q

chloroplasts

A

used for photosynthesis

41
Q

vesicle

A

small membranes used to move substances

42
Q

Cell Theory

A

living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, cells come from the cell

43
Q

Membrane Proteins

A

used for different facilitated diffusion, channels

44
Q

Enymes

A

a membrane protein that helps catalyze chemical reactions

45
Q

Exocytosis

A

vesicles carrying molecules exit the cell

46
Q

Endcytosis

A

molecules enter cell into new vesicle

47
Q

protein pump

A

example of active transport

48
Q

Explain why turgor pressure is helpful to plants

A

it keeps stems and leaves firm

49
Q

What would happen if a cell was put into a hypotonic solution?

A

Cell would burst

50
Q

What would happen if a cell was put into a hypertonic solution?

A

Cell would shrivel

Biology (19 decks)

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