Ch. 14

Question 1

Gene pool

Answer 1

All of the alleles in a population. Source of groups genetic variation, genes mixed via meiosis

Question 2

Allele frequency

Answer 2

the percentage of all alleles at a given locus in a population gene pool represented by a particular allele.

Question 3

Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 3

Condition of no change in gene pool, baseline point to recognize change or microevolution in a population

Question 4

Lamarck

Answer 4

One of Darwins influences, first proposed that organisms evolve because they need to adapt with acquired characteristics

Question 5

Lyall

Answer 5

Gradual changes in earth formed current geological landscape and changed over time

Question 6

Malthus

Answer 6

The earth has finite resources, species reproduce faster than the earth can provide for

Question 7

What are the two major points of Darwins theory of evolution contained in his origin of species?

Answer 7

Decent with modification: species spread to different habitats and adapted to changes in their environment
Natural selection: this is a mechanism of evolution where individuals with inherited characteristics better suited to survival will reproduce and pass on their genes

Question 8

What major catagories of evidence of evolution

Answer 8

Fossil record helps reconstruct the past showing organisms that are now extinct and showing us how an organisms traits have changed

Question 9

Molecular similarities among species

Answer 9

Related species have similar genes and proteins. Example humans and chance only different differ in 5% genes

Question 10

Examples of natural selection in action

Answer 10

Changes in beetle population due to pesticide treatment, development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, changes in beak size of Galapagos finches in response to food availability

Question 11

Genetic drift

Answer 11

Change in gene pool due to chance, example by chance only limited amount of population reproduce and overtime allele frequencies change. Caused by bottleneck effect and the founder effect

Question 12

Bottleneck effect

Answer 12

Genetic drift is more likely reduce population resulting from natural disaster, small gene pool last Friday, decreased ability of population to adapt disease, other environmental changes

Question 13

Founder effect

Answer 13

Gene pool limited to alleles of founding members of the population. New population will look like founding members. Example small group isolated on an island, Galapagos finches. Groups on different islands near Bob differently because of limited gene pool from the founders of each group

Question 14

Gene flow

Answer 14

Exchange of genes with another population

Question 15

Mutation

Answer 15

Change in DNA enter gene pool only if carried on gametes, especially in fast reproducing organisms such as bacteria

Question 16

How does natural selection act on the variation that exists in population determine fitness of individuals?

Answer 16

Causes changes in a population’s variation. Original source of genetic variation. If an organism has best trait, it will survive

Question 17

Geographic Distribution of Species

Answer 17

Geographically separate groups evolve differently, example marsupials in Australia rear young pouches and evolved differently from ancestral marsupials due to isolation on Island continent