Chapter 12- Section 1&2 Quiz Flashcards
Militarism
European nations engaged in a massive military buildup to protect colonies and other interests throughout the world.
Causes of World War I
Militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.
Alliances
European countries formed partnerships to protect themselves. They believed that no single nation would attack another since that action would prompt the attacked nation’s allies to join the fight.
Imperialism
The quest to build empires and colonize other regions.
Nationalism
People’s loyalty and devotion to their country and/or culture. This created instability back in Europe, especially in the Balkans.
Triple Alliance
The partnership formed in the late 1800s between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Triple Entente
An alliance between France, Russia, and Great Britain.
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
The heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne was assassinated along with his wife, by Gavrilo Princip, while visiting the city of Sarajevo. This started a “domino affect” of alliances and eventually led to WWI.
Opening sequence of events leading into WWI
- Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.
- Russia declared war on Austria-Hungary to support Serbia.
- Germany declared war on Russia, followed by a French invasion in an attempt to knock them out with a quick strike through neutral Belgium.
- Great Britain declared war on Germany.
Schlieffen Plan
German military plan to fight France, then Russia… but not at the same time.
Two Front War
Germany faced two enemies at the same time; France to the west (Western Front) and Russia to the east.
Propaganda
The use of selected bits of information, both true and false, designed to influence people’s opinions.
Neutral
Countries that refuse to take sides during a conflict.
Trench Warfare
In early 1914, Germans waited for the Allied attacks in trenches they dug along the Aisne River. The immediate result was massive deadlock.
No-Mans-Land
The area between two opposing trenches.
WWI new technology
U-Boat- Submarines
Sonar- Used to detect submarines
Machine guns- used for rapid fire
Long range artillery- Cannon that could fire several miles
Gas- could suffocate or severely injure
Tanks- armored vehicles designed to break through the trenches
Airplanes- mainly used for scouting out enemy positions than to engage in air to air combat
Total war
The use of all a country’s resources to help fight a war.
Social change…
Social change occurred during the war as opinions of what women could do began to evolve. A woman’s primary role during WWI was assisting on the home front and nursing wounded soldiers. Example of assisting on the home front: fundraising on home front and nursing soldiers at home
Battle of Verdun
Nearly a one year battle for the French fortress of Verdun. Germany’s goal was to “bleed France white”. The result was one million dead and no territory lost or gained.
Battle of the Somme
The main Allied assault during 1916, resulting in an enormous loss of troops and no clear winner.
The Gallipoli Campaign
A failed attempt by the Allies to defend a strategic shipping route to Russia called the Dardanelles. After months of fighting and 200,000 dead, the Allied forces pulled out.
The Armenian Massacre
Muslim Ottomans accused their Christian Armenians of aiding Russian invaders. 600,000 men, women, and children died in a forced march out of the Caucuses. The Ottomans were accused of genocide, the deliberate destruction of a racial, political, or cultural group.
