Chapter 12 endocrine system Review Flashcards
A small gland about the size of a pea, hormones affect the functions of many other endocrine glands
Pituitary gland/hypophysis
This chemical control of the body functions primarily as a
Negative feedback loop
Stimulates cell metabolism in most tissues of the body, causing cells to divide and increase in size
Growth hormone: GH
Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormone called cortisol
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Increases the production of melanin in melanocytes in the skin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Stimulates development of the follicles in the reproductive organs
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Stimulates ovulation and production of the female sex hormone progesterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands following delivery in a pregnant female
Lactogenic hormone (LTH) Aka prolactin
Maintains the body’s water balance by promoting increased water reabsortion in the tubules of the nephrons of kidneys
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Vasopressin
Stimulates contraction of smooth muscles int the wall of the uterus
Oxytocin (OT)
Consist of two loves connected by a smaller band call the isthmus
Thyroid gland
When the thyroid gland enlarges
Goiter
Contains four iodine stones and is abbreviated as T4
Thyroxine,
Tetraiodothyronine
Contains 3 iodine atoms and is abbreviated as T3
Triiodothyronine
An accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissues
Myxedema
Type of hyperthyroidism caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone
Graves’ disease
The extra follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete a hormone called
Calcitonin
Four glands about the size of raisins that are embedded in the posterior surface is the thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
Secrete a single hormone
Parathyroid hormone,
Parathormone (PTH)
Small glands found in top of each kidney
Adrenal glands,
Suprarenal
The inner part of each gland ( on kidney )
Adrenal medulla
Outermost part of the kidney
Adrenal cortex
Hormones are released in response to signals from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Norepinephrine/noradrenaline
Regulated sodium reabsortion and potassium excretion by the kidneys
Aldosterone
A glucocorticoid hormone
Cortisol/ hydrocortisone
Hormones regulates blood glucose levels
Insulin and glucagon
Secrete the hormone glucagon
Alpha cells
Secrete the hormone insulin
Beta cells
Principal male sex hormone
Testosterone
Promote the development of the female reproductive structures
Progesterone
Very common disorder of the endocrine system; caused by a deficiency in insulin production
Diabetes mellitus
Chronic elevations of glucose in the blood ; condition
Hyperglycemia
Large amount of sugar in the urine
Glycosuria
Increase in urine production
Polyuria
Craves large amounts of liquid, thirsty ass
Polydipsia
Food cravings
Polyphagia
Bilobed mass of tissue found in the mediastinum behind the sternum between the two lungs
Thymus gland
Causes the production of certain white blood cells called T lymphocytes
Thymosin
Small pine cone-shaped structure found between the two cerebral hemispheres attached to the upper part of the thalamus near the top of the third ventricle
Pineal gland/ body
Secreted directly into cerebrospinal fluid
Melatonin
Secreted by the pineal gland and acts as a neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor
Serotonin
