Chapter 12 endocrine system Review

Question 0

A small gland about the size of a pea, hormones affect the functions of many other endocrine glands

Answer 0

Pituitary gland/hypophysis

Question 1

This chemical control of the body functions primarily as a

Answer 1

Negative feedback loop

Question 2

Stimulates cell metabolism in most tissues of the body, causing cells to divide and increase in size

Answer 2

Growth hormone: GH

Question 3

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce its hormone

Answer 3

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 4

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete its hormone called cortisol

Answer 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 5

Increases the production of melanin in melanocytes in the skin

Answer 5

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 6

Stimulates development of the follicles in the reproductive organs

Answer 6

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 7

Stimulates ovulation and production of the female sex hormone progesterone

Answer 7

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 8

Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands following delivery in a pregnant female

Answer 8

Lactogenic hormone (LTH) 
Aka prolactin

Question 9

Maintains the body’s water balance by promoting increased water reabsortion in the tubules of the nephrons of kidneys

Answer 9

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH),
Vasopressin

Question 10

Stimulates contraction of smooth muscles int the wall of the uterus

Answer 10

Oxytocin (OT)

Question 11

Consist of two loves connected by a smaller band call the isthmus

Answer 11

Thyroid gland

Question 12

When the thyroid gland enlarges

Answer 12

Goiter

Question 13

Contains four iodine stones and is abbreviated as T4

Answer 13

Thyroxine,

Tetraiodothyronine

Question 14

Contains 3 iodine atoms and is abbreviated as T3

Answer 14

Triiodothyronine

Question 15

An accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissues

Answer 15

Myxedema

Question 16

Type of hyperthyroidism caused by overproduction of thyroid hormone

Answer 16

Graves’ disease

Question 17

The extra follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete a hormone called

Answer 17

Calcitonin

Question 18

Four glands about the size of raisins that are embedded in the posterior surface is the thyroid gland

Answer 18

Parathyroid glands

Question 19

Secrete a single hormone

Answer 19

Parathyroid hormone,

Parathormone (PTH)

Question 20

Small glands found in top of each kidney

Answer 20

Adrenal glands,

Suprarenal

Question 21

The inner part of each gland ( on kidney )

Answer 21

Adrenal medulla

Question 22

Outermost part of the kidney

Answer 22

Adrenal cortex

Question 23

Hormones are released in response to signals from the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 23

Norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Question 24

Regulated sodium reabsortion and potassium excretion by the kidneys

Answer 24

Aldosterone

Question 25

A glucocorticoid hormone

Answer 25

Cortisol/ hydrocortisone

Question 26

Hormones regulates blood glucose levels

Answer 26

Insulin and glucagon

Question 27

Secrete the hormone glucagon

Answer 27

Alpha cells

Question 28

Secrete the hormone insulin

Answer 28

Beta cells

Question 29

Principal male sex hormone

Answer 29

Testosterone

Question 30

Promote the development of the female reproductive structures

Answer 30

Progesterone

Question 31

Very common disorder of the endocrine system; caused by a deficiency in insulin production

Answer 31

Diabetes mellitus

Question 32

Chronic elevations of glucose in the blood ; condition

Answer 32

Hyperglycemia

Question 33

Large amount of sugar in the urine

Answer 33

Glycosuria

Question 34

Increase in urine production

Answer 34

Polyuria

Question 35

Craves large amounts of liquid, thirsty ass

Answer 35

Polydipsia

Question 36

Food cravings

Answer 36

Polyphagia

Question 37

Bilobed mass of tissue found in the mediastinum behind the sternum between the two lungs

Answer 37

Thymus gland

Question 38

Causes the production of certain white blood cells called T lymphocytes

Answer 38

Thymosin

Question 39

Small pine cone-shaped structure found between the two cerebral hemispheres attached to the upper part of the thalamus near the top of the third ventricle

Answer 39

Pineal gland/ body

Question 40

Secreted directly into cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 40

Melatonin

Question 41

Secreted by the pineal gland and acts as a neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor

Answer 41

Serotonin