Ch 1-5 Review Flashcards
Refers to the covering on a organ
Visceral
Refers to walls of a cavity
Partietal
Allows the body cells to do work and function.
Also is Chemical fuel
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP
Comes from the decomposition of proteins via the digestive process and the conversation of amino acids in cellular respiration to ATP molecules.
Ammonia
A substance that acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions, donating them to a solution when their concentration falls, and taking the hydrogen ions from a solution when their concentration rises
Buffers
Increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction.
Catalysts
When two atoms of two or more different elements combine in this way
Compound
A second type of bond found in many molecules.
Covalent bond
Genetic material of cells located in the nucleus of the cell
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA
Orbit the nucleus at some distance from its center
Electrons
Different kinds of atoms of the same element
Isotopes
Part of the central nucleus that makes up an atom; carries no charge
Neutrons
Part of the central nucleus that makes up an atom; has positive charge
Protons
Formed when one atom gains electrons while the other atom loses electrons from its outmost level or orbit
Ionic bond
Is the most abundant substance in living cells, appx 60% to 80%; plasma, which is the liquid portion of blood, 92% water
Water
Contains one carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms
Carbon dioxide
About 21% of gas in the atmosphere is
Oxygen
Formed by bonding together a number of glucose molecules
Glycogen
Protein catalyst, which increase the rate of a chemical reaction w/o being affected by the reaction
Enzymes
Movement of molecule through a medium from an area of high concentration of those molecules to an area of low concentration of those molecule
Diffusion
Effect on diffusion
Temperature
A special kind of diffusion
Osmosis
Solution in which water molecules diffuse into and out of a cell membrane at equal rates, as in normal saline solution
Isotonic solution
Solution in which water molecules will move into a cell and the cell will swell, as in pure distiller water
Hypotonic solution
Solution in which water molecules will move out of a cell will shrink, as in a 5% salt solution
Hypertonic solution
The first step in cellular respiration in which a glucose molecule gets broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid; does not require oxygen; occurs in the cytoplasm
Glycolysis
The first step in glycolysis is
The addition of a phosphate to the glucose
This process the genetic material in the nucleus is duplicated during interphase of the cell cycle following by the process
Mitosis
Special kind of cellular reduction division; occurs only in the gonads, allows this to occur
Meiosis
Formation of the gametes
Gametogenesis
Production of sperm;
The process occurring in the seminiferous tubules of testes
Spermatogenesis
The formation of the female egg(female sex cells)
Oogenesis
A mistake in the copying of genetic material
Mutation
(Pl word form of metastasize)
When a tumor spears to a different part of the body
Metastases
Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of a cell
Tumor
Defective cancerous cells spread to other parts of the body
Metastasize
Tumor developing from epithelial tissue
Carcinomas
Cancer-causing agents
Carcinogens
Loose connective tissue full of fat cells
Adipose
Are long, thin extensions of the cell body that transmit the impulse toward the axon endings
Axon
Unique connective tissue in that it is composed of a fluid portion
Blood
Very firm specialized connective tissue
Bone
Epithelial cells that are tall and rectangular; found lining the ducts of certain glands and in mucous-secreting tissues
Columnar epithelium
A type of tissue that supports or binds
Connective tissue
Epithelial cells that look like small cubes; function is secretion, protection and absorption
Cuboidal epithelium
Receptive area of the neuron; extension of the nerve cell body
Dendrites
Has a predominance of elastin fibers embedded in the matrix.
Forms the external ear, ear canals and epiglottis
Elastic cartilage
Innermost layer of the heart wall, including epithelial cells that line the heart
Endocardium
The second type of multicellular glands in the body. They are ductless and secrete hormones; ex. Thyroid and pituitary glands
Endocrine glands
Type of tissue that protects, absorbs or secretes
Epithelial tissue
Red blood cells
Erythrocytes
Protects teeth from wear and acids, found on the crown of a tooth
Enamel
Excretory ducts that lead the secreted material from the gland to the surface of the lumen (passageway) on the skin
Exocrine glands
The layer ofconnective(areolar) tissue covering a whole muscle trunk
Fascia
Anticoagulant manufactured by the liver and mast cells
Heparin
An inflammatory substance produced in response to allergies
Histamine
The Study of tissue
Histology
White blood cells
Leukocytes
Connective tissue that attach bone to bone
Ligaments
Lines the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts; lines all body cavities that open to the outside
Mucous membrane/epithelium
Nerve cells that perform support and protection
Neuroglia
A fatty sheath surrounding some axons
Myelin
The basi unit of organization of nervous tissue is the nerve cell or…
Neuron
Mature bone cells.
Found in cavities or lacunae in cartilage.
Osteocytes
The serious membrane that covers the heart
Pericardium
The serious membrane or mesothelial tissue that lines the thoracic cavity
Pleura
Made of Spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus and no striations
Smooth muscle
Groups of cells similar in size, shape, and function
Tissue
Consist of several layers of closely packed, flexible, and easily stretched cells
Transitional epithelium
