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Physilogy And Anatomy > Ch 1-5 Review > Flashcards

Ch 1-5 Review Flashcards

0
Q

Refers to the covering on a organ

A

Visceral

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1
Q

Refers to walls of a cavity

A

Partietal

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2
Q

Allows the body cells to do work and function.

Also is Chemical fuel

A

Adenosine triphosphate

ATP

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3
Q

Comes from the decomposition of proteins via the digestive process and the conversation of amino acids in cellular respiration to ATP molecules.

A

Ammonia

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4
Q

A substance that acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions, donating them to a solution when their concentration falls, and taking the hydrogen ions from a solution when their concentration rises

A

Buffers

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5
Q

Increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being affected by the reaction.

A

Catalysts

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6
Q

When two atoms of two or more different elements combine in this way

A

Compound

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7
Q

A second type of bond found in many molecules.

A

Covalent bond

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8
Q

Genetic material of cells located in the nucleus of the cell

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA

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9
Q

Orbit the nucleus at some distance from its center

A

Electrons

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10
Q

Different kinds of atoms of the same element

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

Part of the central nucleus that makes up an atom; carries no charge

A

Neutrons

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12
Q

Part of the central nucleus that makes up an atom; has positive charge

A

Protons

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13
Q

Formed when one atom gains electrons while the other atom loses electrons from its outmost level or orbit

A

Ionic bond

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14
Q

Is the most abundant substance in living cells, appx 60% to 80%; plasma, which is the liquid portion of blood, 92% water

A

Water

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15
Q

Contains one carbon atom covalently bonded to two oxygen atoms

A

Carbon dioxide

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16
Q

About 21% of gas in the atmosphere is

A

Oxygen

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17
Q

Formed by bonding together a number of glucose molecules

A

Glycogen

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18
Q

Protein catalyst, which increase the rate of a chemical reaction w/o being affected by the reaction

A

Enzymes

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19
Q

Movement of molecule through a medium from an area of high concentration of those molecules to an area of low concentration of those molecule

A

Diffusion

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20
Q

Effect on diffusion

A

Temperature

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21
Q

A special kind of diffusion

A

Osmosis

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22
Q

Solution in which water molecules diffuse into and out of a cell membrane at equal rates, as in normal saline solution

A

Isotonic solution

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23
Q

Solution in which water molecules will move into a cell and the cell will swell, as in pure distiller water

A

Hypotonic solution

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24
Q

Solution in which water molecules will move out of a cell will shrink, as in a 5% salt solution

A

Hypertonic solution

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25
Q

The first step in cellular respiration in which a glucose molecule gets broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid; does not require oxygen; occurs in the cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis

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26
Q

The first step in glycolysis is

A

The addition of a phosphate to the glucose

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27
Q

This process the genetic material in the nucleus is duplicated during interphase of the cell cycle following by the process

A

Mitosis

28
Q

Special kind of cellular reduction division; occurs only in the gonads, allows this to occur

A

Meiosis

29
Q

Formation of the gametes

A

Gametogenesis

30
Q

Production of sperm;

The process occurring in the seminiferous tubules of testes

A

Spermatogenesis

31
Q

The formation of the female egg(female sex cells)

A

Oogenesis

32
Q

A mistake in the copying of genetic material

A

Mutation

33
Q

(Pl word form of metastasize)

When a tumor spears to a different part of the body

A

Metastases

34
Q

Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of a cell

A

Tumor

35
Q

Defective cancerous cells spread to other parts of the body

A

Metastasize

36
Q

Tumor developing from epithelial tissue

A

Carcinomas

37
Q

Cancer-causing agents

A

Carcinogens

38
Q

Loose connective tissue full of fat cells

A

Adipose

39
Q

Are long, thin extensions of the cell body that transmit the impulse toward the axon endings

A

Axon

40
Q

Unique connective tissue in that it is composed of a fluid portion

A

Blood

41
Q

Very firm specialized connective tissue

A

Bone

42
Q

Epithelial cells that are tall and rectangular; found lining the ducts of certain glands and in mucous-secreting tissues

A

Columnar epithelium

43
Q

A type of tissue that supports or binds

A

Connective tissue

44
Q

Epithelial cells that look like small cubes; function is secretion, protection and absorption

A

Cuboidal epithelium

45
Q

Receptive area of the neuron; extension of the nerve cell body

A

Dendrites

46
Q

Has a predominance of elastin fibers embedded in the matrix.

Forms the external ear, ear canals and epiglottis

A

Elastic cartilage

47
Q

Innermost layer of the heart wall, including epithelial cells that line the heart

A

Endocardium

48
Q

The second type of multicellular glands in the body. They are ductless and secrete hormones; ex. Thyroid and pituitary glands

A

Endocrine glands

49
Q

Type of tissue that protects, absorbs or secretes

A

Epithelial tissue

50
Q

Red blood cells

A

Erythrocytes

51
Q

Protects teeth from wear and acids, found on the crown of a tooth

A

Enamel

52
Q

Excretory ducts that lead the secreted material from the gland to the surface of the lumen (passageway) on the skin

A

Exocrine glands

53
Q

The layer ofconnective(areolar) tissue covering a whole muscle trunk

A

Fascia

54
Q

Anticoagulant manufactured by the liver and mast cells

A

Heparin

55
Q

An inflammatory substance produced in response to allergies

A

Histamine

56
Q

The Study of tissue

A

Histology

57
Q

White blood cells

A

Leukocytes

58
Q

Connective tissue that attach bone to bone

A

Ligaments

59
Q

Lines the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts; lines all body cavities that open to the outside

A

Mucous membrane/epithelium

60
Q

Nerve cells that perform support and protection

A

Neuroglia

61
Q

A fatty sheath surrounding some axons

A

Myelin

62
Q

The basi unit of organization of nervous tissue is the nerve cell or…

A

Neuron

63
Q

Mature bone cells.

Found in cavities or lacunae in cartilage.

A

Osteocytes

64
Q

The serious membrane that covers the heart

A

Pericardium

65
Q

The serious membrane or mesothelial tissue that lines the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

66
Q

Made of Spindle-shaped cells with a single nucleus and no striations

A

Smooth muscle

67
Q

Groups of cells similar in size, shape, and function

A

Tissue

68
Q

Consist of several layers of closely packed, flexible, and easily stretched cells

A

Transitional epithelium

Physilogy And Anatomy (13 decks)

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