Chapter 12: Client Fitness Assessments Flashcards
Radial Pulse
Lightly press the index and middle fingers against the radial artery in the groove on the anterior surface of the lateral wrist.
Brachial Pulse
Located in a groove between the triceps and biceps muscles on the medial side of the arm, anterior to the elbow and palpated with the first two fingers in the medial part of this groove.
Carotid Pulse
Press fingers lightly along the medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lower neck region.
Step 1 for taking pulse with palpation
Locate anatomic site.
Step 2 for taking pulse with palpation
Gently press down with the two fingers over palpation site.
Step 3 for taking pulse with palpation
Count the number of pulsations for a specific time period, like 10 seconds.
Step 4 for taking pulse with palpation
Begin counting the first pulsation as 0 when timing is initiated simultaneously or, if a lag time occurs after the start time and the first pulsation, begin with the number 1.
Step 5 for taking pulse with palpation
Determine HR based on the number of pulsations in a given time period. 10 seconds and 6 pushes = 60 beats per minute.
Average Resting Heart Rate
60 - 80 beats per minute
Systolic Blood Pressure
The maximum pressure in the arteries when the ventricles of the heart contract during a heartbeat.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
The minimum pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax.
Normal systolic blood pressure
less than 120 mmHg
Normal diastolic blood pressure
less than 80 mmHg
Age-predicted max heart rate
220 - age
Elevated Systolic Blood Pressure
120 - 129 mmHg
Stage 1 Systolic Hypertension
130 - 139 mmHg
Stage 1 Diastolic Hypertension
80 - 89 mmHg
Stage 2 Systolic Hypertension
140 or more mmHg
Stage 2 Diastolic Hypertension
90 or more mmHg
Hypertensive Crisis Systolic BP
180 or more mmHg
Hypertensive Crisis Diastolic BP
120 or more mmHg
Korotkoff sounds
The sounds of the blood as it makes its way from an area of high pressure to that of lower pressure as the air is let out of the pumped-up cuff during BP auscultation.
Sphygmomanometer
A manometer and a blood pressure cuff. Used for blood pressure measurements.
Body Composition
The relative proportion of fat and fat-free tissue in the body.
BMI
A way to gauge body composition. We use height and weight to calculate it. kg of weight times meters squared equals the BMI.
Phase 1 Korotkoff Sounds
The first sound or the onset of sound. Sound resembles a clear, repetitive tapping. The sound may be faint initially and gradually increase in volume to phase 2. Phase 1 represents SBP.
Phase 2 Korotkoff Sounds
Soft tapping or murmur-like sound; often longer than phase 1 sounds and may have a swishing component. The phase 2 sounds are typically 10-15 mm Hg after the onset of sound in phase 1.
Phase 3 Korotkoff Sounds
Sounds transition to a high-pitch loud tapping and are both more crisp and loud than phase 2 sounds.
Phase 4 Korotkoff Sounds
Sounds become muffled, less distinct and audible, and may be described as soft or blowing.
Phase 5 Korotkoff Sounds
Complete disappearance of sound; usually occurs within 8-10 mm Hg of sound (phase 4) and is considered DBP.
Underweight BMI classification
<18.5
Normal BMI classification
18.5 - 24.9
Overweight BMI classification
25 - 29.9
Obesity I BMI classification
30 - 34.9
Obesity II BMI classification
35 - 39.9
Obesity III BMI classification
equal to or greater than 40
Abdominal skinfold site
Vertical fold 2 cm to the right side of the umbilicus
Biceps skinfold site
Vertical fold; on the anterior aspect of the arm over the belly of the biceps muscle, 1 cm above the level used to mark the triceps site
Chest skinfold site
Diagonal fold; one-half the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple (men), or onelhird of the distance between the anterior axillary line and the nipple (women)
Medial calf skinfold site
Vertical fold; at the maximum circumference of the calf on the midline of its medial border
Midaxillary skinfold site
Vertical fold; on the midaxillary line at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum.
Subscapular skinfold site
Diagonal fold; 1 - 2 cm below the inferior angle of the scapula
Suprailliac skinfold site
Diagonal fold; in line with the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary Iine immediately superior to the iliac crest
Thigh skinfold site
Vertical fold; on the antertor midline of the thigh, midway between the proximal border of the patella and the inguinal crease (hip)
Triceps skinfold site
Vertical fold; on the posterior midline of the upper arm, halfway between the acromion and olecranon processes, with the arm held freely to the side of the body
Abdomen: Circumference Site
Horizontal measure taken at the height of the iliac crest, usually at the level of the umbilicus
Arm: Circumference Site
Horizontal measure taken midway between the acromion and olecranon processes, with arms hanging freely at sides in a neutral position
Calf: Circumference Site
Horizontal measure taken at the level of the maximal circumference between the knee and ankle, perpendicular to the long axis
Forearm: Circumference Site
Measurement taken at the maximal circumference perpendicular to the long axis; arm hanging down with palm facing anteriorly
Hip: Circumference Site
Horizontal measure taken at maximal circumference of the buttocks, above the gluteal fold
Midthigh: Circumference Site
Subject should place one foot on a bench so that knee is flexed at 90º; measurement is taken midway between inguinal crease and proximal border of the patella, perpendicular to the long axis.
Waist: Circumference Site
Measurement is taken at the narrowest part of the torso, between the umbilicus and xiphoid process.
Waist-to-Hip Ratio
The WHR is a comparison between the circumference of the waist and the circumference of the hip and is an important indicator of body fat distribution.
Skinfold Assessment
The skinfold technique of body composition analysis is based on the measurement of multiple skinfold thicknesses using a specialized caliper and is based on the theory that there is a predictable relationship between subcutaneous fat stores and total body fatness.
Bioelectrical impedance
The use of an electric current passing through the body and measuring the resistance to that current.
Hydrostatic Weighing
Once considered the gold standard for body composition analysis, hydrostatic weighing is based on the Archimedes principle, which states that when a body is immersed in water, it is buoyed by a counterforce equal to the weight of the water displaced.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound would classify as a doubly indirect method, similar to the skinfold method because subcutaneous body fat measurements are used to predict BD, which is then used to predict %BF.
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DXA technology has traditionally been used medically for the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) and by researchers to develop a body composition database.
One Rep Max
A one- time maximum amount of weight lifted.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
CRF can be described as the ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate- to high-intensity exercise for prolonged periods of time and reflects the functional capabilities of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems.
Muscular Strength
A one-time maximal force that may be exerted and is localized to a joint or muscle group.
Muscular Endurance
The ability to apply a force repeatedly over time.
Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment
Testing of ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate to high intensity exercise for prolonged periods of time and reflects the functional capabilities of the heart, blood vessels, blood, lungs, and relevant muscles during various types of exercise demands.
The two run/walk tests for predicting cardiorespiratory fitness
1.5 mile test, Rockport 1 mile walk
The two common one rep max tests
The Bench press and the Leg press.
The most common muscular endurance test
The push up test
Where do male clients start the push up test?
The standard down position.
Where do female clients begin the push up test?
The modified knee push up position
The standard flexibility test
Sit and reach
