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Child Pysch > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Defining Family from the Perspective of the
Child

How is family defined from the perspective of a child?

A

Family is a group involving at least one adult who is related to the child by birth, marriage, adoption, or foster status.

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2
Q

Defining Family from the Perspective of the
Child

What responsibilities does family have from a child’s perspective?

A

Family is responsible for providing basic necessities, love, support, safety, stability, and opportunities for learning.

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3
Q

Family Structure

What does family structure refer to?

A

Family structure refers to the number of people and the relationships among them in a household.

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4
Q

Family Structure

Alterations in family structure can influence ________ among family members.

A

interactions

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5
Q

Family Structure

Changes in family structure can affect family ______…

A

Changes in family structure can affect family routines and norms, altering how daily life is organized.

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6
Q

Family Structure

Alterations in family structure can affect children’s ________ well-being.

A

emotional

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7
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the
United States

Do children live with married or single parents more?

A

More children live with single or unmarried parents.

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8
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the
United States

How has the age of first-time parents changed in the United States?

A

First-time parents are older than in the past.

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9
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the
United States

Where do more children live in recent years?

How has family size changed in the United States?

A

More children live with grandparents.

Families are smaller.

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10
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the
United States

What is a characteristic of modern family structures?

How have family structures become more fluid in the United States?

A

Family structures are more fluid.

Family structures have become more fluid due to changes in living arrangements and family dynamics.

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11
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

How has the average age of first-time parents changed over the years?

A

The average age of first-time parents has increased over the years.

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12
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

Advantages of older parental age:(five)

A

○ Planned birth with fewer children
○ More education
○ Higher job status
○ More financial resources
○ More positive parenting

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13
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

More children live with
___

A

grandparents

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14
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

Financial challenge for
grandparents as primary caregivers such as(two of them)

A

Limited income
○ Limited retirement funds

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15
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

What emotional or behavioral challenges are children likely to face when living with grandparents?

A

Children are more likely to experience emotional and behavioral problems

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16
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

Three reasons why there are Smaller families

A

-Women delaying pregnancies for careers
○ Increased access to birth control
○ Fewer children with multiple siblings

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17
Q

Family structures more __ now

___ of marriages end in divorce

A

fluid

50%

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18
Q

Changes in Family Structure in the United
States

More repeated family transitions. What does this mean?

How do repeated family transitions affect children?

A

refer to multiple changes in the family structure over time, such as divorces, remarriages, or moving between different households

Repeated family transitions can lead to increased child behavior problems.

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19
Q

Same-Sex Parents

How many same-sex couples were reported to be raising children in 2016?

A

114,000 same-sex couples were reported to be raising children in 2016.

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20
Q

Same-Sex Parents

What percentage of children raised by same-sex parents are biologically related to one of the parents?

A

68% of children raised by same-sex parents are biologically related to one of the parents.

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21
Q

Same-Sex Parents

How do children raised by same-sex parents compare to those raised by heterosexual parents?

A

Children of same-sex parents are no different from children raised by heterosexual parents.

22
Q

Same-Sex Parents

What factor influences the adjustment of children raised by same-sex parents?(just one)

A

The adjustment of children depends on family dynamics.

23
Q

Divorced Parents

What are some mechanisms by which divorce can affect children?

A

Divorce can affect children psychologically, behaviorally, academically, and in their relationships.

24
Q

Divorced Parents

How might children feel emotionally after their parents divorce?

How do boys typically respond to divorce compared to girls?

A

Children may experience sadness and depression after a divorce.

Boys may externalize their problems, acting out more than girls.

25
Q

Divorced Parents

What long-term risk do children of divorced parents face?

A

Children of divorced parents are at a greater risk of divorce themselves.

26
Q

Step-Parents

How many children live with stepparents?

A

More than 4 million children live with stepparents.

27
Q

Step-Parents

What is a simple stepfamily?

What is a complex or blended stepfamily?

A

A simple stepfamily is when a new stepparent joins the family.

A complex or blended stepfamily involves the addition of both a stepparent and stepsiblings.

28
Q

Step-Parents

Who is more likely to have strained relationships with stepchildren?

Is conflict with stepparents common?

A

Stepfathers are more likely to have strained relationships with stepchildren.

Yes, conflict with stepparents is common.

29
Q

Family Dynamics
What are family dynamics?

What relationships are considered part of family dynamics?

A

Family dynamics refer to the way family members interact through various relationships.

Family dynamics include the interactions between mother/father with each child, mother with father, and siblings with one another.

30
Q

Family Dynamics

Family dynamics change as ____

A

children age.

31
Q

Family Dynamics

How do family members affect each other?

A

Family members depend on each other and influence each other.

32
Q

Parenting

What is socialization?

Why is socialization important?

A

Socialization is the process through which children learn values, standards, skills, knowledge, and behaviors.

It helps children learn what is appropriate for their present and future roles in society.

33
Q

Parenting

What are two key parenting aspects important for child development?

A

The use of discipline and overall parenting style.

34
Q

Parenting

What is discipline?

Discipline is the set of strategies

A

Discipline is the set of strategies and behaviors parents use to teach children how to behave appropriately.

35
Q

Parenting

What is internalization in discipline?

A

Internalization is effective discipline that results in a permanent change in a child’s behavior, where the child learns and accepts the desired behavior.

36
Q

Parenting

What is punishment in the context of discipline?

Punishment is a ____ stimulus that follows a behavior _____.

A

Punishment is a negative stimulus that follows a behavior to reduce the likelihood that the behavior will happen again.

37
Q

Parenting

What are parenting styles?

Parenting styles are________ set the ________ interactions, such as ____ and ___.

A

Parenting styles are behaviors and attitudes that set the emotional climate of parent–child interactions, such as responsiveness and demandingness.

38
Q

Parenting

What are the two main dimensions of parenting styles?

A

Two Dimensions of Parenting Styles
Parental Warmth/Support/Acceptance vs. Parental Rejection/Non-responsiveness

Parental Warmth/Support/Acceptance: Reflects the extent to which parents are nurturing, responsive, and accepting of their child’s needs and emotions. Warm parents actively encourage their child’s individuality and provide emotional security.
Parental Rejection/Non-responsiveness: Reflects a lack of attention or negative response to the child’s emotional and developmental needs. Rejection can create feelings of neglect or insecurity in the child.
Parental Control and Demandingness

High Control/Demandingness: Involves setting strict expectations, enforcing rules, and maintaining discipline. This often includes clear communication about boundaries and standards for behavior.
Low Control/Demandingness: Reflects fewer expectations, leniency, or a lack of consistent discipline.

39
Q

Parenting

Who developed the four styles of parenting?

A

Baumrind developed the four styles of parenting.

40
Q

Baumrind’s Parenting Styles

What characterizes the authoritarian parenting style?

A

Being nonresponsive to children’s needs and emphasizing obedience and authority.

41
Q

Baumrind’s Parenting Styles

What characterizes the permissive parenting style?

A

Permissive parents are warm and responsive to children’s needs but set few rules or expectations for behavior.

42
Q

Baumrind’s Parenting Styles

What characterizes the uninvolved parenting style?

A

Uninvolved parents show little warmth or responsiveness and have minimal expectations or demands for their children.

43
Q

Baumrind’s Parenting Styles

What characterizes the authoritative parenting style?

A

Authoritative parents set clear rules and expectations while being supportive and allowing children independence.

44
Q

Child Maltreatment

What is child maltreatment?

A

actions that result in physical or emotional harm or create a risk of serious harm to a child.

45
Q

Child Maltreatment

What are the four main types of child maltreatment?

A

Neglect (most common form)
Physical abuse
Emotional abuse
Sexual abuse

46
Q

Child Maltreatment

What is polyvictimization in the context of child maltreatment?

A

Polyvictimization refers to experiencing multiple forms of abuse or maltreatment.

47
Q

Child Maltreatment

What are some parental risk factors for child maltreatment?

A

Lack of knowledge about children’s needs and abilities

Limited resources

Alcohol and drug dependence: Social isolation

48
Q

Child Maltreatment

What are the potential consequences of child maltreatment?

A

Child maltreatment can lead to immediate and long-term effects, including ongoing abuse and serious emotional, behavioral, and physical problems.

49
Q

Child Maltreatment

What increases the likelihood of positive outcomes for abused children?

What role do medical care and social services play in positive outcomes for maltreated children?

A

Positive outcomes are more likely when children have resilience factors, their basic needs are met, and they have supportive, stable parents.

Access to medical care and social services can help support abused children and contribute to better outcomes.

50
Q

Preventing Child Maltreatment

What are three general strategies to prevent child maltreatment

A

three
General strategies

○ Strengthen the economic situation
○ Provide quality early education
○ Enhance parenting skills.

51
Q
A

Child Pysch (15 decks)

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