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nutrition > chapter 12 > Flashcards

chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most effective approach to feeding children

A

authoritiative feeding style

responsiveness to children

structure and boundaries around mealtime
respect for childrens food choices in context of what parent is serving

meals are served on time, responds to children hunger and fullness, allows reasonable coice around food, and lets child regulate their own eating (how much and which foods present at mealtimes)

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2
Q

what is authoritatian style feeding

A

contsntly controlling childs intake by insisitng child eats exactly the way the parent wantsp

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3
Q

permissive feeding

A

feeding in which there are few boundaries with eating

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4
Q

neglectful feeding style

A

healthy family ntutrition is barely a thought or priority

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5
Q

what does eating together do to childern

A

healtheir bodies
better in school
less isk-taking behaviors w drugs and alchohol
improved self-esteem

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6
Q

approx weight gain of child durign 2nd year of life

A

5 lb

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7
Q

it can take up to how many times exposure before a new food is eaten

A

10

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8
Q

what is a good. way to arounse interest in food and desire to eat it

A

in small amounts, attractive to eye, assist in purchasing and preparing new food

play w pretend food

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9
Q

children food ercommendation

A

whole milk before age 2 for brain development then low-fat or fat-free after afe 2

no salt their own food or salty foods, no sugary foods

sensitive and rehect hot foods (like crisp, mid, and familiar fiids)

wary of foods ocvered in sauce or gravy

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10
Q

what is a ood jags

A

eating only 1 or 2 fodo

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11
Q

rituals

A

not letting foods touch on plate or different spoon for each foods eaten

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12
Q

how to prevent choking

A

dont give chlidren under age 4 peantus, grapes, hot dogs, raw carrots, hard candy, or thick peanut btter

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13
Q

snacks for children

A

every 2-3 hours

nutrient dense

fruit, fiber-rich unsweetned cereal, low-fat cheese

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14
Q

caloreis for 2-3yr

A

1000-1400

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15
Q

caloreis for 4-8 y girl

A

1200-1800

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16
Q

caloreis for 4-8 y boy

A

1400-2000

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17
Q

caloreis for 9-13 girl

A

1600-2200

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18
Q

caloreis for 9-13 y boy

A

1800-2600

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19
Q

at 6 months a gitl needs how many cal per pound of body weight

A

54

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20
Q

at age 10 how many cal does a girl need per pound of body weight

A

35

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21
Q

what are high nutrition vegetables

A

broccoli family
orange vegetables
leafy-green vegetables

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22
Q

high-nutrition fruits

A

citrust
berries

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23
Q

how much water should be consumed

A

1mL for every cal consumed

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24
Q

fiber adequate intake in grams for 1-3 yr

A

19

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25
Q

fiber adequate intake in grams for 4-8yr

A

25

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26
Q

fiber adequate intake in grams for 9-13 male

A

31

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27
Q

fiber adequate intake in grams for 14-18 male

A

38

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28
Q

fiber adequate intake in grams for 9-18 yr female

A

26

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29
Q

what does fiber naturally come from + what is needed

A

fiber is needed for bowel health and reguliarty as well as mainttenance of healthy cholesterol levels

from beans, whole grains, fruits, and veg

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30
Q

what percent of chdlre met the whole grain requirement in 2010

A

22

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31
Q

what percent of chdlre met the dark greens and starchy bean intake in 2010

A

20

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32
Q

how many oz of juice for 1-6 yo and older children

A

1-6 yo : 4-6oz
older: 8-12 oz

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33
Q

what is BMI

A

number calciulated from persons weight and height

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34
Q

what are children with one or both parents w heart diease before age 60 likely to have?

A

atherosclerosis

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35
Q

what is the acceptable cholesterol and LDL in youth

A

<170 mg/dL
LDL is <110 mg/dL

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36
Q

what percent of cal from fat should 1-3 yo get

A

30-40%

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37
Q

what percent of cal from fat should 3-18 yo get

A

25-35%

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38
Q

breakdown of fat intake if no more than 30% total cal from fat

A

sat fat - less than 7%
polyunsaturated fat - less than 8%
monosaturated fat - less than 15%

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39
Q

nutrients needed for bone health

A

viamin D, protein, phosphours, mangeusium, ptoassium, vitamin B12, zinc

genetics and physical activity

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40
Q

what is the most common nutritional disorder in the world

A

iron deficiency

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41
Q

what percent of US tolders are anemia

A

14

transition from iron-rich infant foods to table food and cows milk

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42
Q

what demographic has highest prevalence of anemia

A

low-income + racial and ethnic group (African Americans)w

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43
Q

what helps meet iron to pevent anemia

A

red meat
poultry and seafood
egg yolk
iron fortified breads
cereals
vegetables
fruits (spinach, other greens, peas, broccoli, dried beans, and dreid fruit (raisans, dates, apricots)
vitamin c-containing foods eaten along w irn rich food

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44
Q

what percent of children age 3-17 have an ADHD diagnosis

A

9.5%

5.9 million

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45
Q

ADHD med and appetite

A

adhd med (psychostimuate) decrease appetite esp at lunch meals

give dose after breakfast then serve large dinner in evening and give bedtime snack

if childs growth is affected may reduce dose, stop on weekends or summer breaks, or reevlauted

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46
Q

antipsychotic medication for mood stabilization and behavior issues and appetite

A

increased appetite
risk rapid weight gain and metabolic changes that lead to diabetes, hypertension, and other illness

ag weight gain of 1-1.5 lb a week

47
Q

1 out of ____ children under age 18 are allergic to at least one fodo

A

13

48
Q

what is the most common allergy and what percent of children does it affect

A

peanuts and 2%

49
Q

what ppopulation has highest prevalence of allergies

A

preschoolers (ge 3-5 yrs)

50
Q

what are the other top food triggers

A

tree nuts, egg, fish, strawbery, wheat, ad soy

51
Q

____% of children experience severe reaction including wheezing and anaphlayisis to food allergies

A

40

52
Q

what is childgood overweight and obesity a result of

A

imbalanace btwn energy taken in rom food and beverages and energy expended for normal growth and develometas well as physical activity

53
Q

childhood obesity has more than __________ in children and ____________ in adolecents

A

doubled

quadrupled

54
Q

apporxibaly ____% or ____ million of children and adolescents aged 2-19 are bobesy

A

17

12.7 millino

55
Q

what ethnic groups are at higher risk of obesity

A

hispanic and black

56
Q

prediabes in youth increase percentage: from __% to ___%

A

9% to 23%

57
Q

what is prediabetes defined as

A

fasting blood sugar btwn 100 and 126 mg/dL

58
Q

what is another name assocaited with pre-diabetes

A

metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance

59
Q

other factors for pre-diabetes

A

high waist circumference, increasing bp, impaired liids such as high trigylcerides and low HDL

60
Q

what is acanthosis nigricans

A

hyperpigmentation of skin characteristized by dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and crease

associated w conditio that hincrease insulin level such as T2D or overweight as excess insulin may tirgger activity of skin cells

61
Q

____ US youth younger than age 20 had type I diabetes in 2009 with ____ new cases expected to be diagnosed

A

16700

18000

62
Q

How many new cases of T2D in youth expected to be diagnosed

A

5000

63
Q

1 in __ born after 2000 will develop diabetes

A

3

64
Q

what youth is at highest risk for T2D

A

amierican indian

65
Q

what percentile is hypertension

A

95th

66
Q

when does adolescence begin in boys and girls

A

boys: 13-16

girls: 10-13

67
Q

how much is a growth spurt height increase

A

girls” 3 in a year
boys: 4 in a year

68
Q

what is acne caused by

A

not specific foods but overactive sevaceous glands of skin

69
Q

teenagers get ___% of their caloreis from carbonated and noncarbonated soft drinks and how much sugar is that for a 12-19 yo boy and avg girl

A

13

boy: 15 tsp
girl: 10 tsp

70
Q

bots and girls consumed ___ as much soda pop as milk

A

twice

71
Q

when is peak use of calcium for bone mineralization in girls and boys

A

girls: 12.5 y
boys: 14 y

72
Q

in 3-4 y of adolescenes __% of total adult bone mass is accumulated

A

40

73
Q

what percent of teens dont meet requirement for calcium

A

50

74
Q

___ million females and __ million males have eds

A

10 million females
1 million males

75
Q

four primary synmptoms of anorexia

A

failure to maintina body weight or aboe a minimially normal weight for age and height (85% of expected weight)

intense fear of weight gain or being fat (evn though underweight)

disturbance w body weight or shape

loss of menstural periods

76
Q

what can anorexia cause

A

altered metabolism
hair loss
ow bp
weakness
amenorrhea brain damage
death
organ failure

77
Q

treatment for anorexia

A

development of a strong and trusting relationship btwn client and healthcare professional

learn and accept weight gain and cange in bordy countours are normal duringadolescence

nutritional therapy

indv and family counseling

medical monitoring

dedication to outpatient setting follow ups, partial hospitalization, full hospitalization

time and patientce :/

78
Q

what is bulimia

A

indv binges then purges through vomiting or using laxatives or duretics or overexcises to compensite

fear that they cant sto eating

high achievers who are perfectionists, obsessive, and depressed

lack strong sense of self

need to feel special

now its abn byt fear being overweight

binges on high cal foods until no more space for food (while alone)

then excessive dieting and stress usually increases frequency of binges

79
Q

bulimia side effects

A

not life threatening

irritate esophagus and causes electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, dehydration, and dental caries

laxative abuse can cause distrubances in sodium, K, Magnesium, and phosphourous

disrupting elocytlyes and minerals can cause issues w colon and heart

laxative abuse = dependense on laxatives

80
Q

treatment for bulimia

A

learn to live at peace w oneself and food

therapists, dr, social workers, diettians,

scheudled eating times

appetite awareness training and journaling

alternative coping skills

81
Q

binge eating disorder

A

compulsive overeating

dont purge but may be precipaitated by fast or strict diet

feelings of guilt and shame

struggle w anxirty, depression, and loneliness

mod overweight, normal weight, obese

82
Q

signs of BED

A

large amount of food missing from refrigerator or pantry

visible seeing child eat a lot of food quickly

pattern of eating inresponse to emotional stress, such as family conflict, peer rekjeciton,or poor academic

child feeling ashamed or disgusted by amount eaten

finding food containers or wraper hidden in a child room

increasingly irregular eating pattern, such as skipping meals, eating lots of junk foods, eating at unsual tmes

83
Q

fenale athletic triad

A

disordered eating
amenorrhea
osteoporosis
lower level of estrogen from training intensive, not enough cal (resticitng fat) = menstrual irregularites, stress fractues, early osteoporosis

84
Q

obese children rated their quality of life as low as _______________________

A

children receiveing chemo for cancer

85
Q

data from mid-1990s show that ___ of young people eat fast food

A

1/3

86
Q

indi vidual poriton sizes grew how much

A

2-3

87
Q

fast food industry spend about $____ on advertising

A

4 billion

88
Q

alchhol femernation

A

caused by enzume action

sugar and starrches can change into alchohgol

fuit, corn, rue, barley, rice or ptoatoes

7 cal per gram

89
Q

alchohol side effects

A

lower inhibitation

accidents and crimes bc affected judgement

depressant (sleepiness, loss of consciousness, death)

affect absorption and normal metablism of glucose, fats, proteins, and vitamins

thiamine and niacin cant be absorbed

cells cant use glucose for energy

blood cells (depend on glucose for energy) are particular affected

kidney excrete excessive amt of water = increased loss oof minerals and less able to fight off disease

high bp and damage to heart muscle

cancer of trehat, esophaus, reproductive system

loer bith weight and fetal aclchohol syndrome or fetal alchohol effect in babies

90
Q

_____% of teen drank some alc and __% binge drank

A

34.9%

20%

91
Q

__% of high school teens use marijuana one or more times within a 30 day period

A

23

92
Q

1 marijuana cig is as harmful as __ to __ tobacco cig

A

4 to 5

93
Q

what happens when person smokes marijuana

A

lungs absorb fat-soluble active ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and store in fat

94
Q

common names for marijuana

A

pot
grass
herb
weed
mary jane
reefer
dope
bud
ganja

95
Q

what is cocaine

A

causes restlessness, heightened selfconfidence, euphoria, irritability, insomnia, depresison, confusion, hallucnation, loss of appetite, tendency to wtidhraw

cardiac irregularities, herat attacks, cardiac arrest

weight loss (decreased appetite)

smokeable form is crack (more addictive than any other drug)

half of crime against propreties in major cities are related to crack cocaine

96
Q

how much icotine does most ecig cartridges have

A

20 mg

(10mg can be easily addictive)

97
Q

tobacco

A

highly addicting
damage to brain development
24.6% of hs and 7.7% of middle school use tobacco product

includence appetite, nutrition status, weight

DRI for vitami nC increase by 35 mg and low intake of vitmain c a beta-carotene folate and fiber is common

increased risk of lung cancer and heart disease

98
Q

what is metahmphetamine (crystal meth)

A

most potent form of amphetamines

cause heart, breathing, and bp to incerase

mouth dry, swalloing difficult, urination difficult

depressed appetite

pupils become dialted, reflex speeds up

feel fatigue or depression as drug wear off

streat name include crank, speed, crystal, meth, zup, and ince

excstatst (MDMA) is known as club drug and found in capsule or tablet

99
Q

inhalents

A

chemicals that are inhaled and produce mind-altering effects

gasoline, lighter fluid, tool-cleaning solvents, model airplane glue, permanent ink in felt-tip pens

physiclly and psychology addictive

risk depression and apathy, nosebleeds, headaches, eye pain, chronic fatigue, heart failure, loss of muslce control and death

frugs affect food intake, body weight and taste preference s

100
Q

energy drinks

A

boost energy (stimulates (caffeine) and sugar)

AAP say shouldnt be in diet of a child or adolescent

can interact w prescruptio med (esp ADHD med)

not a fluid replacement

80mg caffeeine per 8 oz serving so 200-240 mg of caffeine

mix your own powder range from 50-500mg

insomnia, nervousness, nausea, rapid heareat, seizures, cardiac irregulatrites, and cardiac arrest, bp increase (could cause body to lose small amt of calcium and mangesium)

101
Q

nutrition for athletes

A

additional water, cal, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, sodium, potassium, iron, and protein

102
Q

what is sweat rate determination

A

weigh before and after hour of exercise

for every pound of wt loss athlete need to drink abt 80-100% of that loss while exercising to stay in otpiatal fluid balance

103
Q

what do sport beverages contian

A

carb and electroyle to maintain blood glucose concentration, provide fuel for muscles, decrease risk of dehydration and hyponatremia

104
Q

what can help fuel athletes workouts

A

fruit

carb gel

energy bars

fat-free chocolate milk (greater concnetration of glycogen in muscle at 30 and 6t0 min post exercise)

105
Q

diet during mod phyiscal acitivty rec

A

50-55% carb
30% fat
10-15% protein

106
Q

potein rec for enfurance and strength trained athleted

A

1.2-1.7g/ kg of body weight

107
Q

how to replace sodium and potasisum

A

sodium - salt
K - orange juice or bananas

108
Q

when should pregame meal be eaten

A

3 horus before event

primarly carb and small amt of protein and fat

109
Q

what is carb loading

A

endurance activies

increase muscle stores of glycogen - begin 6 days before event (eat 10% carb and mostly protein and fat for 3 days with intense exericse which depletes glycogen)

next three days 70% carb and v light exercises

110
Q

side effects of carb-loading

A

wight gain (mostly extra water)
digestive discomfort (avoid higher fibers foods for one to 2 days before events to prevent gassy, cramps, bloasting, loose stools)
blood sugar changes

111
Q

what does creatine do

A

used to build muscle and ehance recovery

shown to be effective for short bursts like sprinting and wightlighting but not for enduarnace

112
Q

banned ergogenic aids

A

anabolic or androgenic sterods, ephedra, human growth hormone

113
Q

steroids side effects

A

affect fat content of blood, amage lier, change reproducitve system, alter facial appearance

114
Q
A

nutrition (21 decks)

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