Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nutrition > chapter 13 > Flashcards

chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

what should a diet be rich in the prevent osteoporosis

A

calcium
vitamin d
magnesium
flurodie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ireton jones resting metablic rate calculation

A

spontaneous breathing: 629-11(age)+25(weight in kg)-09(obesity on bmi index)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

miflin-st jeor resting metablic rate calculation for overweight and obese indv

A

men: (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x Height in cm) - (4.92 x age) + 5

women: (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x Height in cm) - (4.92 x age) -161

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

men: (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x Height in cm) - (4.92 x age) + 5

A

men: 66.47 + (13.75 x W) + (5 x H) - (6.75 * A)

Women: 655.09 + (9.56 x W) + (1.84 x H) - (4.67 * A)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

activity factors

A

comatose: 1.1
confined to bed: 1.2
confied to chair: 1.25
out of bed: 1.3
ADLs: 1,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

injury factors

A

minor surgery: 1-1.2
major surgery: 1.1-1.3
skeletal trauma: 1.1-16
head trauma: 1.6-1.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fever factor

A

F: 7% of REE for every 1F over normal
C: 13% of REE for every 1% over normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pressure ulcer factor

A

stage I: 1-1.1
Stage 2: 1.2
Stage 3: 1.3-1,4
Stage 4: 1.5-1.6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

infection facotr

A

milkd: 1-1.2
moderate: 1.2-1.4
severe: 1.4-1.8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

burns factor

A

<20% BSA: 1.2-1.5
20-40% BSA: 1.5-1.8
>40% BSA: 1.8-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

occurs btwn 30 and 50
affects 1.3 million Americans (70% are women)

affects wrist, finger joints (not closest to nail), hips, knees, ankles, elbows, shoulders, feet, and neck

Mediterranean diet may help symptoms and disease progression due to antiinflammatory foods

multiple vitamin (vitamin d and calcium)

choose fatty fish (salmon and tuna), soy foods, evoo, cherries and berries, green tea, citrus, whole grains, and nuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

current calcium requirement for adults 19-50

A

1000 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

current vitamin D requirement for adult 19-50 y

A

15 ug per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

menopause

A

cessation of menstruation

avg is 51 yo

estogen and progesterone levels decrease

weight maintenance during 40s and 60s may be challenge (200 fewer cal per day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adult male diet

A

diet supporting reduced risk for heart disease is important bc males develop ueart disease at younger age than women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

fiber importance in elderly

A

maintain bowel regulatity
prevent intestinal condition like diverticular disease
lower risk of heart disease, high bp, cancer, t2d

increase satiety and low in cal so control weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sources of folate

A

lentils
spinach
broccoli
other leafy green veg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vitamin and minerals of cncern during audlthood

A

mangesium : bone strenght, immunity, numerous body functions
potassium: muscle contractions, nerve impulses, maintain fluid balance
vitmains e a d c (health benefits: :eye health and vision, combatfree radicals, repel germs)

20
Q

what are overweight people higher risk for

A

t2d
metablic syndrome
hypertension
poor risk for surgery
shorter lives
social and emotional problems
reduced self esteena

21
Q

an indiv who overeats by 200 cal a day can gain ___ l in a year

A

20

22
Q

how to fix overwight energy imbalance

A

solve probelm by eating less and increasing physical exercise

reduce cal is more effective as tone muscle as excess fat is lost

23
Q

weight reduction tactics

A

cook more meals at home
eat mindfully aay from distractions and media

slwo down and savor food
reduce screen time and sitting throughout day

24
Q

faster growing age group

A

85+

25
Q

avg life expectancy for women and men

A

women - 81 yo
men - 76 yo

26
Q

in 2014 ___% of pop was 65+; by 2040 that is expected to grow to __%

A

14.5%

21.7%

27
Q

physiological changes of aging

A
  • ability of body to repalce worn cels is reduced
  • metabolic rates slows
  • bones become less dense
  • lean muscle mas is reduced
  • eyes have difficulty focusing
  • could from cataracts
  • poor dentition (teeth)
  • heart and kdineys become less efficient
  • hearing, taste, and smell are less accurate
  • chronic poor nutrition = compromised immune system
  • digestion is affected bc secretion of HCL and enzymes are diminished = decrease intrinsic factor synthesis which = deficiency of vitamin B12
  • tone of intestine is reduced and reulst = constipation or diarrhea
28
Q

osteoarthritis and aging

A

limit ability to perform ADLs

excess wt, vitamin deficiencies and diet influence arthritis

eat well-balanced diet w abundance of fruits and veg, whole grain products, lean poulrty, oily fish, nuts, seeds and beans, along w adequate calcium and vitamin D

29
Q

psychosocial changes w aging

A

loss of self esteen from feelings of uselessness
grief over loss of spouse of close friends = loneliness
physical diabetlies = social life
6th wheel in grown chidls home or resident in nursing home = severe depression
dimisnedh appetitee

30
Q

economic changes w aging

A

decreased income bc retirement
reduces oscial activities, adding worry about meeting bills

select less than healthy diet by choosing foods on basis of cost rather than nutrient content

31
Q

how to sidestep potential problems w aging

A

healthy eating habits thorughout life
exercise programs suited to age
enjoyable social activities

monitor foo-drig interactions (cant consume dairy within 2 hours of taking antibiotic tetracucline else it wont be absorbed, anticoagulatnet needs to consume vitamin nK rifh foods in moderation, antiodiatn vitamins cant be taken w blood clot-reducing med bc thin blood)

32
Q

___% of audlts over 60 are overweight or obese

A

70

33
Q

protein intake after age 65

A

1g per kg

34
Q

changes in vitmain requrement after age 51

A

decrease in DRIs for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin (depend on cal intake)

  • iron in women decrease bc menophause
  • cal intake decrease by 2% per decade bc metabolism slows nd activity is reduced
35
Q

what are senior citzen diets deficent in

A

vitamin C, D, B6, B12, folate

minerals: calcium , zinc, iron, fiber, caloreis

36
Q

protein energy malnutrition (PEM) cause

A

long hospital stay
- dislike food
- drugs dull appetite
- lonely and dperessed
- protein or missing teeth

37
Q

—% o older adutls ahve one chronic condition and __% have 2

A

1- 80%
2 - 50%

38
Q

examples of common elderly chornic illness

A

osteoporosis
arthritis
cataracts
cancer
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
heart disease
periodontal disease

39
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

calcim in bones is reduced, making them porous

major public health threat fo almost 54 million US women 50+

high at risk: small-bone women, caucasian, smokers, drink more than moderate, little or no exercise
- diagnosed w DEXA scan
- not noticed until fractre (one of symptoms is graduate reduction in height)

periodontal disease may be linked to osteoporosis

40
Q

cause of osteoporosis

A

years of sedernaty life
diet deficient in calcium vitmain D and fluoride
estrogen loss
1500mg calcium (1qt of milk)
calcim citrate tablets w supplementary vitamin D
exercise program

41
Q

diet for osteoporosis

A

high in fruit and veg
potassium and other nutrients important to bone health
alkaline environment (less leaching of calcium from bone on a daily basis)
eating meat and grains prdouces more of an acidic environment = leaching of calcium to keep blood pH normal
protein needs through sou beans nuts and seeds
less salty foods, reduce or eliminate alc
not smoking

limt phosphorous

soda intake linked to osteoporosis as it replaces milk consumption (and contain phosphorous)

42
Q

arthritis

A

joints become painful and stiff
structural changes in cartilage ofj point

careful being overweight bc extra weights stresses joint

regular use of aspiring may = bleeding in stomach lining and aneima so extra iron

43
Q

hypertension and diet

A

high in salt or low in calcium

most Americans ingest 2-6x amt of salt needed

44
Q

heart disease

A

arteries become occluded due to plauqe from cholesterol (atherosclerosis)

caused by excessive sat fat, intake high in sugars and rfined carb

45
Q
A

nutrition (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions