chapter 13 - adult Flashcards
what should a diet be rich in the prevent osteoporosis
calcium
vitamin d
magnesium
flurodie
ireton jones resting metablic rate calculation
spontaneous breathing: 629-11(age)+25(weight in kg)-09(obesity on bmi index)
miflin-st jeor resting metablic rate calculation for overweight and obese indv
men: (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x Height in cm) - (4.92 x age) + 5
women: (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x Height in cm) - (4.92 x age) -161
men: (9.99 x weight in kg) + (6.25 x Height in cm) - (4.92 x age) + 5
men: 66.47 + (13.75 x W) + (5 x H) - (6.75 * A)
Women: 655.09 + (9.56 x W) + (1.84 x H) - (4.67 * A)
activity factors
comatose: 1.1
confined to bed: 1.2
confied to chair: 1.25
out of bed: 1.3
ADLs: 1,5
injury factors
minor surgery: 1-1.2
major surgery: 1.1-1.3
skeletal trauma: 1.1-16
head trauma: 1.6-1.8
fever factor
F: 7% of REE for every 1F over normal
C: 13% of REE for every 1% over normal
pressure ulcer factor
stage I: 1-1.1
Stage 2: 1.2
Stage 3: 1.3-1,4
Stage 4: 1.5-1.6
infection facotr
milkd: 1-1.2
moderate: 1.2-1.4
severe: 1.4-1.8
burns factor
<20% BSA: 1.2-1.5
20-40% BSA: 1.5-1.8
>40% BSA: 1.8-2
rheumatoid arthritis
occurs btwn 30 and 50
affects 1.3 million Americans (70% are women)
affects wrist, finger joints (not closest to nail), hips, knees, ankles, elbows, shoulders, feet, and neck
Mediterranean diet may help symptoms and disease progression due to antiinflammatory foods
multiple vitamin (vitamin d and calcium)
choose fatty fish (salmon and tuna), soy foods, evoo, cherries and berries, green tea, citrus, whole grains, and nuts
current calcium requirement for adults 19-50
1000 mg
current vitamin D requirement for adult 19-50 y
15 ug per day
menopause
cessation of menstruation
avg is 51 yo
estogen and progesterone levels decrease
weight maintenance during 40s and 60s may be challenge (200 fewer cal per day)
adult male diet
diet supporting reduced risk for heart disease is important bc males develop ueart disease at younger age than women
fiber importance in elderly
maintain bowel regulatity
prevent intestinal condition like diverticular disease
lower risk of heart disease, high bp, cancer, t2d
increase satiety and low in cal so control weight
sources of folate
lentils
spinach
broccoli
other leafy green veg
vitamin and minerals of cncern during audlthood
mangesium : bone strenght, immunity, numerous body functions
potassium: muscle contractions, nerve impulses, maintain fluid balance
vitmains e a d c (health benefits: :eye health and vision, combatfree radicals, repel germs)
what are overweight people higher risk for
t2d
metablic syndrome
hypertension
poor risk for surgery
shorter lives
social and emotional problems
reduced self esteena
an indiv who overeats by 200 cal a day can gain ___ l in a year
20
how to fix overwight energy imbalance
solve probelm by eating less and increasing physical exercise
reduce cal is more effective as tone muscle as excess fat is lost
weight reduction tactics
cook more meals at home
eat mindfully aay from distractions and media
slwo down and savor food
reduce screen time and sitting throughout day
faster growing age group
85+
avg life expectancy for women and men
women - 81 yo
men - 76 yo
in 2014 ___% of pop was 65+; by 2040 that is expected to grow to __%
14.5%
21.7%
physiological changes of aging
- ability of body to repalce worn cels is reduced
- metabolic rates slows
- bones become less dense
- lean muscle mas is reduced
- eyes have difficulty focusing
- could from cataracts
- poor dentition (teeth)
- heart and kdineys become less efficient
- hearing, taste, and smell are less accurate
- chronic poor nutrition = compromised immune system
- digestion is affected bc secretion of HCL and enzymes are diminished = decrease intrinsic factor synthesis which = deficiency of vitamin B12
- tone of intestine is reduced and reulst = constipation or diarrhea
osteoarthritis and aging
limit ability to perform ADLs
excess wt, vitamin deficiencies and diet influence arthritis
eat well-balanced diet w abundance of fruits and veg, whole grain products, lean poulrty, oily fish, nuts, seeds and beans, along w adequate calcium and vitamin D
psychosocial changes w aging
loss of self esteen from feelings of uselessness
grief over loss of spouse of close friends = loneliness
physical diabetlies = social life
6th wheel in grown chidls home or resident in nursing home = severe depression
dimisnedh appetitee
economic changes w aging
decreased income bc retirement
reduces oscial activities, adding worry about meeting bills
select less than healthy diet by choosing foods on basis of cost rather than nutrient content
how to sidestep potential problems w aging
healthy eating habits thorughout life
exercise programs suited to age
enjoyable social activities
monitor foo-drig interactions (cant consume dairy within 2 hours of taking antibiotic tetracucline else it wont be absorbed, anticoagulatnet needs to consume vitamin nK rifh foods in moderation, antiodiatn vitamins cant be taken w blood clot-reducing med bc thin blood)
___% of audlts over 60 are overweight or obese
70
protein intake after age 65
1g per kg
changes in vitmain requrement after age 51
decrease in DRIs for thiamine, riboflavin, niacin (depend on cal intake)
- iron in women decrease bc menophause
- cal intake decrease by 2% per decade bc metabolism slows nd activity is reduced
what are senior citzen diets deficent in
vitamin C, D, B6, B12, folate
minerals: calcium , zinc, iron, fiber, caloreis
protein energy malnutrition (PEM) cause
long hospital stay
- dislike food
- drugs dull appetite
- lonely and dperessed
- protein or missing teeth
—% o older adutls ahve one chronic condition and __% have 2
1- 80%
2 - 50%
examples of common elderly chornic illness
osteoporosis
arthritis
cataracts
cancer
diabetes mellitus
hypertension
heart disease
periodontal disease
what is osteoporosis
calcim in bones is reduced, making them porous
major public health threat fo almost 54 million US women 50+
high at risk: small-bone women, caucasian, smokers, drink more than moderate, little or no exercise
- diagnosed w DEXA scan
- not noticed until fractre (one of symptoms is graduate reduction in height)
periodontal disease may be linked to osteoporosis
cause of osteoporosis
years of sedernaty life
diet deficient in calcium vitmain D and fluoride
estrogen loss
1500mg calcium (1qt of milk)
calcim citrate tablets w supplementary vitamin D
exercise program
diet for osteoporosis
high in fruit and veg
potassium and other nutrients important to bone health
alkaline environment (less leaching of calcium from bone on a daily basis)
eating meat and grains prdouces more of an acidic environment = leaching of calcium to keep blood pH normal
protein needs through sou beans nuts and seeds
less salty foods, reduce or eliminate alc
not smoking
limt phosphorous
soda intake linked to osteoporosis as it replaces milk consumption (and contain phosphorous)
arthritis
joints become painful and stiff
structural changes in cartilage ofj point
careful being overweight bc extra weights stresses joint
regular use of aspiring may = bleeding in stomach lining and aneima so extra iron
hypertension and diet
high in salt or low in calcium
most Americans ingest 2-6x amt of salt needed
heart disease
arteries become occluded due to plauqe from cholesterol (atherosclerosis)
caused by excessive sat fat, intake high in sugars and rfined carb
