Chapter 1.12: First Phase of Industrialization

Question 1

What two means of transportation facilitated transportation of goods?

Answer 1

Railways, canals

Question 2

List 3 major railways during the 19th century

Answer 2

Intercolonial (maritimes), Grand Trunk (upper/lower Canada), CPR (cross country)

Question 3

What industries popped up during the first phase of industrialization?

Answer 3

Light industry: food, leather and shoes, clothing and textiles, tobacco
Heavy industry: Iron and steel
Timber industry: sawmills, pulp and paper

Question 4

List two major canals during the 19th centruy

Answer 4

Lachine, Rideau

Question 5

What regions develop during the first phase of indsutrialization?

Answer 5

Montreal, QC City, Eastern Townships

Question 6

When is the first phase of industrialization?

Answer 6

1850-1900 (2nd half of 19th century)

Question 7

What is Taylorism?

Answer 7

One task repeated over and over again to increase productivity, does not require skill, low wages

Question 8

What two machines aid during the 2nd phase of indsutrialization?

Answer 8

Steam engine: more goods produced at cheaper cost

Hydraulic machine: replaced human work with machine work, making it faster

Question 9

How did urbanization affect living conditions during the 1st phase of industrialization?

Answer 9

Many families living in small and expensive dwellings; unsanitary, no running water. Leads to diseases

Question 10

What was the rich neighbourhood in Montreal in the 2nd half of the 19th century?

Answer 10

Golden Square Mile, picturesque parks, lavish houses, broad boulevards

Question 11

What were working conditions like during the 1st phase of industralization?

Answer 11

60-70hour work weeks, low wages, abuse from bosses, unsafe working conditions, poorly heated and lit factories

Question 12

Define the Trade Unions Act

Answer 12

1872, unions legalized, helps unskilled by ensuring fair wages and lower hours as well as stopping child labour, achieved through striking