Chapter 11 - Pathology And Lab Tests Part 2

Question 1

Dysrhythmias

Answer 1

Abnormal heart rhythms

Question 2

Echocardiography (ECHO)

Answer 2

Echoes generated by high-frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

Question 3

Electrocardiography

Answer 3

Recording of electricity flowing through the heart

Question 4

Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT or EBT)

Answer 4

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD

Question 5

Embolus

Answer 5

A clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

Question 6

Endarterectomy

Answer 6

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

Question 7

Endocarditis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the endocardium (inner lining of the heart)

Question 8

Extracorporeal circulation

Answer 8

Use of a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during open heart surgery.

Question 9

Fibrillation

Answer 9

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart

Question 10

Flutter

Answer 10

Rapid, but regular contractions, usually of the atria

Question 11

Heart block

Answer 11

Same meaning as AV block and bradycardia. Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the AV bundle (Bundle of His)

Question 12

Heart transplantation

Answer 12

Donor heart is transferred to a recipient

Question 13

Hemorrhoids

Answer 13

Swollen, twisted veins in the rectal and anal region

Question 14

Holter Monitoring (!!!)

Answer 14

An ECG (electrocardiograph) is worn during a 24-hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

Question 15

Hypertension (!!!)

Answer 15

High blood pressure

Question 16

Hypertensive heart disease

Answer 16

High blood pressure affecting the heart.

Question 17

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

Answer 17

Small electric device implanted inside the chest (near the collarbone) to sense arrhythmias and terminate them to restore normal sinus

Question 18

Infarction

Answer 18

Area of dead tissue

Question 19

Ischemia

Answer 19

Holding back blood to an region of the body. Myocardial ischemia is deprivation of blood to the heart muscle.

Question 20

Left ventricular assist device

Answer 20

1. Booster pump implanted in the abdomen with a tube inserted into the left ventricle.
2. An LVAD is a “bridge to transplant” or destination therapy when heart transplantation is impossible.

Question 21

Lipid tests

Answer 21

Measurement of cholesterol an triglycerides (fats) in blood sample.

Question 22

Lipoprotein electrophoresis

Answer 22

Lipoprotein (combinations of fats and proteins) are physically separated in a blood sample.

Question 23

Mitral stenosis

Answer 23

Narrowing of the mitral valve

Question 24

Mitral valve relapse

Answer 24

Improper closure of the mitral valve. Blood refluxes backward into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

Question 25

Murmur

Answer 25

Extra heart sound, heard between heart beats.

Question 26

Myocardial Infraction

Answer 26

Area of dead (necrotic) tissue in the heart muscle; heart attack

Question 27

Nitrates

Answer 27

Drugs used in the treatment of angina. They dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

Question 28

Nitroglycerin

Answer 28

Nitrate drugs used in the treatment of angina. Dilates coronary arteries.

Question 29

Occlusion

Answer 29

Blockage or closure of a vessel or tube

Question 30

Palpitations

Answer 30

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as skipped beats

Question 31

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

Answer 31

Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth.

Question 32

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Answer 32

Balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery; stents are put in place