Chapter 10 - Important Slides

Question 1

Microscopic nerve cells are called what?

Answer 1

Neurons

Question 2

Macroscopic (visible to the eye) bundles of neurons are called what?

Answer 2

Nerves

Question 3

The nervous system is classified into 2 major system, what is it?

Answer 3

1. CNS = central nervous system

2. PNS = peripheral nervous system

Question 4

The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of what?

Answer 4

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 5

What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) composed of?

Answer 5

1. Cranial Nerves
2. Spinal Nerves
3. Plexuses
4. Peripheral Nerves

Question 6

What is the function of cranial nerves?

Answer 6

Carry electrical impulses between the brain, head, and neck except for vagus nerve

Question 7

What is the function of spinal nerves?

Answer 7

Carry impulses between the spinal cord and the chest, abdomen, and extremities.

Question 8

What is the plexuses?

Answer 8

Large network of nerves in the PNS.

Question 9

Which direction does the sensory/afferent nerves carry messages to the environment?

Answer 9

TOWARD the spinal cord and brain

Question 10

Which direction does the motor/efferent nerves travel?

Answer 10

FROM the spinal cord and brain to muscles of body telling them how to respond.

Question 11

What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

Answer 11

This system of nerve fibers carry impulses AWAY FROM the CNS to the glands, heart, blood vessels, and involuntary muscles. Part of PNS.

Question 12

What are the 2 types of autonomic nerves?

Answer 12

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 13

What is the sympathetic nerves?

Answer 13

• Stimulate the body in times of stress and crisis. Increases heart rate, dilate airways, and increase blood pressure.
• Flight or fight. Speeds up.

Question 14

Sympathetic nerve stimulate the adrenal glands to secrete what hormone?

Answer 14

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 15

What is the parasympathetic nerve?

Answer 15

Act as a balance for sympathetic nerves. Slows down heart rate, lower blood pressure, and stimulates intestinal contraction to clear rectum.

Question 16

What is a neuron?

Answer 16

Individual nerve cell

Question 17

What is the dendrites of nerve?

Answer 17

Branching fibers of the neuron where the stimulus begins

Question 18

What is a ganglia?

Answer 18

Small collections of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 19

What is the axon of nerve?

Answer 19

Carries impulses way from the cell body, covered in fatty tissue called myelin.

Question 20

What is the purpose of a Myelin Sheath on a nerve?

Answer 20

To insulate the axon and speed transmission of the electrical impulses.

Question 21

The nerve impulse passes through the axon to leave the cell via the _______ of the neuron.

Answer 21

Terminal end fibers

Question 22

What is the synapse?

Answer 22

Space where the nervous impulse jumps from one neuron to another.

Question 23

What is the neurotransmitter?

Answer 23

The transfer of impulses across the synapse depends on the release of a chemical substances called neurotransmitters.

Question 24

What are the parenchyma cells of the nervous system?

Answer 24

Neurons and nerves

Question 25

What is the Gilal Cells?

Answer 25

Make up supportive framework and help ward off infections; they do not transmit impulses

Question 26

What are the 4 types of glial cells?

Answer 26

1. Astrocytes (astroglial cells)
2. Microglial cells
3. Oligodendroglia cells
4. Ependymal cells

Question 27

What is the function of astrocytes?

Answer 27

1. Transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons.
2. BBB = Blood brain barrier

Question 28

What is the function of microglial cells?

Answer 28

Phagocytes

Question 29

What is the function of oligodendroglial cells?

Answer 29

These cells form the myelin sheath of CNS

Question 30

What is the function of the ependymal cells?

Answer 30

They are line membranes within the brain and spinal cord where CSF is produced. Border for CSF.