Chapter 10 - Important Slides Flashcards
Microscopic nerve cells are called what?
Neurons
Macroscopic (visible to the eye) bundles of neurons are called what?
Nerves
The nervous system is classified into 2 major system, what is it?
- CNS = central nervous system
2. PNS = peripheral nervous system
The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of what?
Brain and Spinal cord
What does the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) composed of?
- Cranial Nerves
- Spinal Nerves
- Plexuses
- Peripheral Nerves
What is the function of cranial nerves?
Carry electrical impulses between the brain, head, and neck except for vagus nerve
What is the function of spinal nerves?
Carry impulses between the spinal cord and the chest, abdomen, and extremities.
What is the plexuses?
Large network of nerves in the PNS.
Which direction does the sensory/afferent nerves carry messages to the environment?
TOWARD the spinal cord and brain
Which direction does the motor/efferent nerves travel?
FROM the spinal cord and brain to muscles of body telling them how to respond.
What is the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
This system of nerve fibers carry impulses AWAY FROM the CNS to the glands, heart, blood vessels, and involuntary muscles. Part of PNS.
What are the 2 types of autonomic nerves?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What is the sympathetic nerves?
- Stimulate the body in times of stress and crisis. Increases heart rate, dilate airways, and increase blood pressure.
- Flight or fight. Speeds up.
Sympathetic nerve stimulate the adrenal glands to secrete what hormone?
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
What is the parasympathetic nerve?
Act as a balance for sympathetic nerves. Slows down heart rate, lower blood pressure, and stimulates intestinal contraction to clear rectum.
What is a neuron?
Individual nerve cell
What is the dendrites of nerve?
Branching fibers of the neuron where the stimulus begins
What is a ganglia?
Small collections of nerve cell bodies outside the brain and spinal cord.
What is the axon of nerve?
Carries impulses way from the cell body, covered in fatty tissue called myelin.
What is the purpose of a Myelin Sheath on a nerve?
To insulate the axon and speed transmission of the electrical impulses.
The nerve impulse passes through the axon to leave the cell via the _______ of the neuron.
Terminal end fibers
What is the synapse?
Space where the nervous impulse jumps from one neuron to another.
What is the neurotransmitter?
The transfer of impulses across the synapse depends on the release of a chemical substances called neurotransmitters.
What are the parenchyma cells of the nervous system?
Neurons and nerves
What is the Gilal Cells?
Make up supportive framework and help ward off infections; they do not transmit impulses
What are the 4 types of glial cells?
- Astrocytes (astroglial cells)
- Microglial cells
- Oligodendroglia cells
- Ependymal cells
What is the function of astrocytes?
- Transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons.
- BBB = Blood brain barrier
What is the function of microglial cells?
Phagocytes
What is the function of oligodendroglial cells?
These cells form the myelin sheath of CNS
What is the function of the ependymal cells?
They are line membranes within the brain and spinal cord where CSF is produced. Border for CSF.
