Chapter 10 Vocab Part 1 Flashcards
Acetylcholine (!!)
Neurotransmitter chemical released at ends of nerve cells
Afferent nerve (!!)
Carries messages TOWARD the brain and spinal cord
Akinetic
Pertaining to loss of absence of voluntary movement
Analgesia (!!! SG)
Absence of sensitivity to pain
Anencephaly
Congenital condition of partial or complete absence of brain matter
Anesthesia (!!! SG)
Lack of feeling or sensation
Aphasia
Inability to speak; language function is impaired due to injury to the cerebral cortex
Apraxia
Inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects
Arachnoid membrane (!!)
Middle layer of the meninges (3 membranes) that surround the brain and spinal cord
Astrocyte (!!)
Glial (neuroglial) cell that transports salts and water from capillaries
Ataxia
Without coordination
Autonomic Nervous System
Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs
Axon
Microscopic fiber that carries a nervous impulse along a nerve cell
Blood-brain barrier (!!)
Protective separation between the blood and brain cells that keeps substances (drugs) from penetrating capillary walls and entering the brain
Bradykinesia
Slow movement
Brainstem (!!)
Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord
Cauda Equina (!!)
Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord
Causalgia
Intensely unpleasant burning pain in a limb following damage to nerves
Cell Body
The part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus
Central Nervous System (CNS) (!!)
Brain and Spinal Cord
Celphagia
Head pain; headache
Cerebellar (!!)
Pertaining to the cerebellum
Cerebellopontine
Pertaining to the cerebellum and pons
Cerebellum (!!)
The posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance
Cerebral cortex (!!)
- Outer region of the cerebrum
- Contains sheets of nerve cells
- Gray matter
Cerebrospinal fluid (!!)
Fluid that circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrum (!!)
- The largest part of the brain
- Responsible for voluntary muscle activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory. (So basically 5 senses + muscle activity + memory)
Coma
State of unconsciousness from which a patient cannot be aroused.
Comatose
Pertaining to coma
Cranial Nerve (!!)
12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain
Dendrite (!!)
Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell; the first part to receive the nervous impulse
Dura Mater (!!)
Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Protects brain and spinal cord.
Dyslexia
Difficulty in reading, writing, and learning
Dyskinesia
Impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements
Efferent Nerves (!!)
Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalopathy
Disease of the brain
Ependymal cell (!!)
Glial cell that lines the membranes within the brain and spinal cord; helps form the CSF.
Epidural hematoma
Collection of blood located above the dura mater