Chapter 11 - Pathology And Lab Tests Flashcards
ACE inhibitor
- Drug that causes dilation of blood vessels and lowers blood pressure.
- Prevents heart attack, strokes, and congestive heart failure (CHF)
Acute coronary syndrome
Unstable angina and myocardial infraction (heart attack), which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries.
Aneurysm
Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall.
Angina
Chest pain resulting from myocardial infraction (heart attack)
Angiography
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
Atrioventricular block
- Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
- Also called bradycardia and heart block
Atrial fibrillation
Electrical impulses move randomly throughout the atria, causing the atria to quiver instead of contracting with a normal rhythm.
Auscultation
Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structure using the stethoscope.
Beta-blocker
- Drugs used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), angina, and arrhythmias
- Blocks epinephrine, lowers blood pressure, and controls heart rate
Biventricular pacemaker
Device enabling ventricles to beat together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart.
BNP test
Measurement of BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide) in blood.
Bruit
An abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard on auscultation of an artery or an organ
Calcium Channel Blocker
Drugs used to treat chest pain (angina) and high blood pressure (hypertension).
Cardiac arrest
Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death
Cardiac catheterization
Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein or an artery
Cardiac MRI
Images of the heart are produced with magnetic wave
Cardiac tamponade
Pressure on th heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
Cardioversion
Treatment for serious arrhythmia using brief discharges of electricity to shock the heart so that a normal rhythm can begin; deifibrillation
Claudication
Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest.
Coarctation of the aorta
Congenital anomaly in which a portion of the aorta near the heart is narrowed.
Computerized tomography angiography
3 dimensional x-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography.
Congenital heart disease
Abnormalities in the heart at birth
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become clogged and blocked with deposits of fatty material and cholesterol.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Arteries or veins are grafted onto coronary arteries to bypass blocked arteries and bring needed supply to the myocardium.
Deep-vein thrombosis (!!!)
Blood clot form in a large vein, usually in the leg
Defibrillation
Brief discharges of electric are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation)
Digoxin
Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens the heartbeat
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
Video equipment and a computer produced x-ray images of blood vessels.
Doppler Ultrasound
Sound wave measures blood flow within blood vessels
