Chapter 10 - Vocab Part 2 Flashcards
Ganglion (plural: ganglia)
Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Glial cell (!!)
- Nervous cells that are supportive and connective in function, and do not carry nervous impulses.
- Can reproduce itself
- Examples: Astrocyles, microglial cells, and ependymal cells
Glioblastoma
Rapidly growing malignant tumor of the brain
Gyrus (plural: gyri)
Sheets of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
Hemiparesis
Slight paralysis of the right or left half of the body
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of the right or left half of the body
Hypalgesia
Diminished sensitivity to pain
Hyperesthesia
Excessive sensitivity or feeling, especially of the skin in response to touch or pain
Hyperkinesis
Excessive movement
Hypothalamus (!!)
Beneath the hypothalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and pituitary gland secretions
Intrathecal Injection
Injection within the meninges
Leptomeningeal
Pertaining (referencing) to the pia mater and arachnoid membranes of the meninges
Medulla Oblongata (!!)
- Lower part of the brain, closest to spinal cord
2. Controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels
Meningeal
Pertaining to the meninges
Meninges (!!)
Threee protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Meningioma
Tumor (benign) of the meninges
Microglial cell (!!)
Phagocytic glial cells that removes waste products from the CNS
Midbrain
- Act as a pathway for impulses to be conducted between the brain and the spinal cord
- Part of the brain stem
Motor Nerve (!!)
Carries messages (impulses) away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerves
Myelin Sheath (!!)
Fatty, white covering over the axon of a nerve cell. Speeds up impulse conduction.
Myelomeningocele
Congenital hernia of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect (gap) in the vertebral column. This defect is often associated with spina bifida.
Myelopathy
Describes any pathological change or disease in the spinal cord
Myoneural
Pertaining to muscle and nerves
Narcolepsy
Sudden seizures of sleep
Nerve (!!)
Macroscopic cord-like collections of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses.
Neuralgia
Nerve pain
Neurasthenia
Lack of strength in nerves; a feeling of weakness and exhaustion
Neuroglial cells
Supporting cells of the nervous system; gilal cells
Neuron (!!!!)
Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system
Neuropathy
Disease of nerves; primarily in the peripheral nervous system
Neurotransmitter
Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell
Oligodendroglial cell
Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons; oligodendrocyte
Paraplegia
Paralysis of the lower part of the body and both legs
Parasympathetic nerve
Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract
Parenchyma
Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system. Neurons and nerves are the parenchyma of the nervous system.
Paresis
Slight paralysis
Paresthesia
Abnormal nervous sensation occurring without apparent cause. Examples: tingling, numbness, prickling sensation.
