Chapter 10 - Pathology And Lab Tests

Question 1

Absence seizure

Answer 1

Form of seizure consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness of surroundings.

Question 2

Alzheimer disease

Answer 2

Brain disorder marked by progressive, gradual mental deterioration (dementia) along with personality changes and impairment of daily functioning.

Question 3

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 3

Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem. Results in total body paralysis.

Question 4

Aneurysm

Answer 4

Enlarged weakened area in an arterial wall, which may rupture, leading to hemorrhage and CVA (stroke)

Question 5

Astrocytoma

Answer 5

Malignant tumor of astrocytes

Question 6

Aura

Answer 6

Peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset of an attack of migraine or an epileptic seizure

Question 7

Bell palsy

Answer 7

Unilateral (one side) paralysis of the face caused by a disorder of the facial nerve

Question 8

Brain tumor

Answer 8

Abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges

Question 9

Cerebral angiography (!!)

Answer 9

X-ray record of blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

Question 10

Cerebral concussion (!!!)

Answer 10

1. Type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head
2. Temporary brain dysfunction after injury. No structural damage or intracranial pressure.
3. Usually clears within 24 hours

Question 11

Cerebral contusion (!!!)

Answer 11

1. Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head
2. Usually skull fracture, edema/swelling, and increase intracranial pressure
3. Neurological disorder persists longer than 24 hours

Question 12

Cerebral hemorrhage

Answer 12

Bruising of an artery in the brain

Question 13

Cerebral palsy

Answer 13

Partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in the preinatal period.

Question 14

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) (!!!)

Answer 14

Samples of CSF are examined for blood cells, protein, glucose, tumor cells, bacteria and other substances.

Question 15

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 15

Disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

Question 16

Computed tomography (CT) (!!)

Answer 16

Computerized x-ray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

Question 17

Dementia

Answer 17

Mental decline and deterioration.

Question 18

Demyelination

Answer 18

Destruction of myelin or axons of nerves (as in multiple sclerosis)

Question 19

Dopamine

Answer 19

CNS neurotransmitter, deficient in patient with Parkinson disease

Question 20

Doppler ultrasound studies

Answer 20

Sound waves detect blood flow in the carotid and intracranial arteries.

Question 21

Electroencephalography (!!!)

Answer 21

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain

Question 22

Embolus

Answer 22

Clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel.

Question 23

Epilepsy

Answer 23

Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

Question 24

Gait (!!!)

Answer 24

Manner of walking

Question 25

Glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 25

Highly malignant brain tumor composed of glial cells (astrocytes)

Question 26

Herpes zoster (shingles)

Answer 26

Viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

Question 27

HIV encephalopathy

Answer 27

Brain disease and dementia occurring with AIDS

Question 28

Huntington disease

Answer 28

Hereditary disorder affecting the cerebrum and involving abrupt, involuntary, jerking movements and mental deterioration in later stages

Question 29

Hydrocephalus (!!!)

Answer 29

1. Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain

2. Congenital disorder

Question 30

Ictal event

Answer 30

Pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as with the convulsions of an epileptic seizure