Chapter 11 - Important Slides Part 1

Question 1

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue. It has the heart (muscular pump) and blood vessels (fuel line and transportation network)

Question 2

What are the 3 types of blood vessels in the blood?

Answer 2

1. Arteries
2. Veins
3. Capillaries

Question 3

What are arteries?

Answer 3

Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Carry blood from heart to the rest of the body.

Question 4

What are smaller branches of arteries called?

Answer 4

Arterioles

Question 5

What are veins?

Answer 5

They have thinner walls than arteries and move deoxygenated blood TOWARD the heart from the tissues.

Question 6

What are capillaries?

Answer 6

1. The smallest blood vessel.

2. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells.

Question 7

What are the small veins that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart called?

Answer 7

Venues

Question 8

General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 1 - Where and what type of blood flows through the two large veins?

Answer 8

Oxygen-poor or deoxygenated blood starts off flowing into the vena cavae.

Question 9

General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 2 - where does the blood flow into after going through the vena cavae (superior and inferior)?

Answer 9

Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart

Question 10

General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 3 - where does the blood flow after entering the right side of the heart?

Answer 10

The blood then travels through the pulmonary artery and then into the lung capillaries for gas exchange

Question 11

General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 4 - what happens after the blood goes through the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 11

Newly oxygenated blood returns through the pulmonary veins and enters the left side of the heart.

Question 12

General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 5 - where does the blood go after entering the left side of the heart?

Answer 12

Oxygen-rich blood enters the left side of the heart and then will go through the aorta –> arteries –> arterioles –> tissue capillaries (where gas exchange happens) –>venules –> veins –> and then back to the vena cavae

Question 13

What is unusual about the pulmonary artery?

Answer 13

It is the ONLY artery in the body that carries oxygen-poor/deoxygenated blood

Question 14

What is unusual about the pulmonary veins?

Answer 14

It is the ONLY vein in the body that carries oxygen-rich/oxygenated blood.

Question 15

What are some differences between arteries and veins? Start with arteries…

Answer 15

1. Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart
2. Strong, thick elastic walls
3. Blood pressure is HIGH
4. Carry O2-rich blood to tissues

Question 16

What are some differences between veins and arteries? Now, speak about veins..

Answer 16

1. Carries blood back to heart
2. Thin walls with VALVES!
3. Blood pressure is LOW
4. Carries O2 poor blood

Question 17

Where does gas exchange happen? Name the different sites.

Answer 17

1. In pulmonary circulation = lung capillaries
2. In systemic circulation = tissue capillaries

Basically gas exchange takes place at the capillaries.

Question 18

Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest walls and why?

Answer 18

The left ventricle walls has 3x the thickness of the right ventricle because it requires a great forces to pump blood throughout the body

Question 19

How many chambers in the heart? Name and location?

Answer 19

2 atria = two upper chambers

2 ventricle = two lower chambers

Question 20

What is the tricupsid valve?

Answer 20

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 21

What is the pulmonary valve?

Answer 21

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Question 22

What is the mitral valve?

Answer 22

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 23

What is the aortic valve?

Answer 23

Between the left atrium and aorta

Question 24

What is the pathway of blood throughout the heart? (!!!!)

Answer 24

Deoxygenated/oxygen poor blood enters from the superior and inferior vena cava –> fills up the right atrium –> right atrium fills up and pushes it through the –>tricuspid valve–> then enters the right ventricle, and it gets filled up and pushes –>through the pulmonary artery, which then sends it to –>lung capillaries, where gas exchange happens –> oxygenated blood then goes through the pulmonary vein –> then it enters the left atrium and then it gets filled up –> then passes through the mitral valve–>left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta

Question 25

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 25

1. Endocardium
2. Myocardium
3. Pericardium

Question 26

What are the two phases of the heartbeat? What does each of them refer to?

Answer 26

1. Diastole = relaxation

2. Systole = contraction

Question 27

Which valves open and which valves close during diastole?

Answer 27

Tricuspid and mitral valve are opened. Pulmonary and aortic valve closed. Think of diastole = blood filling up both ventricles (lower chamber)

Question 28

Which valves are open and which valves close during systole?

Answer 28

Open = pulmonary and aortic valve

Close = tricuspid and mitral valve

Question 29

The diastole-systole cardiac cycle occurs between _____ to _____ times per minute

Answer 29

70 to 80 times per minute

Question 30

The heart pumps ______ ounces of blood with each contraction. This means that about ______ quarts are pumped each minute

Answer 30

3 ounces; 5 quarts

Question 31

What are associated with the “lubb-dubb” sounds of the heart?

Answer 31

1. Lubb = closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole
2. Dubb = closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole