Chapter 11 - Important Slides Part 1 Flashcards
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells of body tissue. It has the heart (muscular pump) and blood vessels (fuel line and transportation network)
What are the 3 types of blood vessels in the blood?
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
What are arteries?
Large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Carry blood from heart to the rest of the body.
What are smaller branches of arteries called?
Arterioles
What are veins?
They have thinner walls than arteries and move deoxygenated blood TOWARD the heart from the tissues.
What are capillaries?
- The smallest blood vessel.
2. They form the point of exchange for oxygen and nutrients into body cells and waste products coming from body cells.
What are the small veins that carry waste-filled blood back to the heart called?
Venues
General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 1 - Where and what type of blood flows through the two large veins?
Oxygen-poor or deoxygenated blood starts off flowing into the vena cavae.
General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 2 - where does the blood flow into after going through the vena cavae (superior and inferior)?
Oxygen-poor blood enters the right side of the heart
General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 3 - where does the blood flow after entering the right side of the heart?
The blood then travels through the pulmonary artery and then into the lung capillaries for gas exchange
General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 4 - what happens after the blood goes through the pulmonary circulation?
Newly oxygenated blood returns through the pulmonary veins and enters the left side of the heart.
General Overview of Circulation of Blood: Step 5 - where does the blood go after entering the left side of the heart?
Oxygen-rich blood enters the left side of the heart and then will go through the aorta –> arteries –> arterioles –> tissue capillaries (where gas exchange happens) –>venules –> veins –> and then back to the vena cavae
What is unusual about the pulmonary artery?
It is the ONLY artery in the body that carries oxygen-poor/deoxygenated blood
What is unusual about the pulmonary veins?
It is the ONLY vein in the body that carries oxygen-rich/oxygenated blood.
What are some differences between arteries and veins? Start with arteries…
- Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart
- Strong, thick elastic walls
- Blood pressure is HIGH
- Carry O2-rich blood to tissues
What are some differences between veins and arteries? Now, speak about veins..
- Carries blood back to heart
- Thin walls with VALVES!
- Blood pressure is LOW
- Carries O2 poor blood
Where does gas exchange happen? Name the different sites.
- In pulmonary circulation = lung capillaries
- In systemic circulation = tissue capillaries
Basically gas exchange takes place at the capillaries.
Which of the four chambers of the heart has the thickest walls and why?
The left ventricle walls has 3x the thickness of the right ventricle because it requires a great forces to pump blood throughout the body
How many chambers in the heart? Name and location?
2 atria = two upper chambers
2 ventricle = two lower chambers
What is the tricupsid valve?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle
What is the pulmonary valve?
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
What is the mitral valve?
Between the left atrium and left ventricle
What is the aortic valve?
Between the left atrium and aorta
What is the pathway of blood throughout the heart? (!!!!)
Deoxygenated/oxygen poor blood enters from the superior and inferior vena cava –> fills up the right atrium –> right atrium fills up and pushes it through the –>tricuspid valve–> then enters the right ventricle, and it gets filled up and pushes –>through the pulmonary artery, which then sends it to –>lung capillaries, where gas exchange happens –> oxygenated blood then goes through the pulmonary vein –> then it enters the left atrium and then it gets filled up –> then passes through the mitral valve–>left ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta
What are the 3 layers of the heart?
- Endocardium
- Myocardium
- Pericardium
What are the two phases of the heartbeat? What does each of them refer to?
- Diastole = relaxation
2. Systole = contraction
Which valves open and which valves close during diastole?
Tricuspid and mitral valve are opened. Pulmonary and aortic valve closed. Think of diastole = blood filling up both ventricles (lower chamber)
Which valves are open and which valves close during systole?
Open = pulmonary and aortic valve
Close = tricuspid and mitral valve
The diastole-systole cardiac cycle occurs between _____ to _____ times per minute
70 to 80 times per minute
The heart pumps ______ ounces of blood with each contraction. This means that about ______ quarts are pumped each minute
3 ounces; 5 quarts
What are associated with the “lubb-dubb” sounds of the heart?
- Lubb = closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves at the beginning of systole
- Dubb = closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves at the end of systole
