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Medical Terminology Part 3 > Chapter 10 - Important Slides Part 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Important Slides Part 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

The largest part of the brain is the “thinking” area called the ______

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

What is the function of the Cerebrum?

A

Thinking, personality, sensations, movements, and memory.

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3
Q

What is the gyri (plural)? Singular = gyrus

A

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

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4
Q

What is the sulci (plural)? Singluar: sulcus

A

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure.

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5
Q

What are the 4 major lobes of the brain?

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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6
Q

What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?

A

Thought, process, behavior, personality, and emotions.

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7
Q

What is the primary function of parietal lobe?

A

Body sensation, visual and spatial perceptions

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8
Q

What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

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9
Q

What is the primary function of the temporal lobe?

A

Hearing, understanding speech, language

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10
Q

What is the Broca area?

A

Language expression

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11
Q

What is the Wernicke area?

A

Language comprehension

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12
Q

What is the thalamus?

A
  1. The triage center - decides what is important and not.
  2. Process and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.
  3. Control of awareness and consciousness.
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13
Q

What is the function of hypothalamus?

A
  1. Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions.
  2. Controls the pituitary gland
  3. Monitors the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
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14
Q

What is the CSF?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid. The watery fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord form shock.

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15
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

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16
Q

What is the function of cerebellum?

A
  1. Coordination of voluntary movements

2. Maintain balance and posture

17
Q

What is the function of Pons and Midbrain?

A

Connection of nerves to eyes and face.

18
Q

What are the primary functions of the medulla oblongata? (!!)

A
  1. Connects the spinal cord to the brain
  2. Neve fibers cross over, left to right, right to left
  3. Regulates: blood vessels, heart, and respiratory system
19
Q

What is the spinal cord?

A

A column of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the L2 vertebra.

20
Q

What does the gray matter contain?

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

21
Q

What does the white matter contain?

A

Nerve fiber tracts with myelin sheaths

22
Q

What are the meninges?

A

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

23
Q

What is the order of the meninges on the brain?

A

Dura Mater (outermost) –> Subdural Space –> Arachnoid Membrane –> Subarachnoid Membrane –> Pia Mater (Innermost layer)

24
Q

What is the dura mater of the meninges?

A

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord.

25
Q

What is the subdural space of the meninges?

A

Actual space between the dura mater and arachnoid layers

26
Q

What is the arachnoid layer/membrane?

A

Spiderlike, thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments

27
Q

What is the Subarachnoid Space of the meninges?

A

Space between the arachnoid and the pia mater, it contains the CSF that cushions the brain from the outside

28
Q

What is the Pia Mater?

A

Soft mother, it is the innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

29
Q

What are the 3 types of strokes (cerebrovascular accident)?

A
  1. Thrombotic
  2. Embolic
  3. Hemorrahagic
30
Q

What is thrombotic? (CVA) (!!!)

A

A blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel.

31
Q

What is embolic? (CVA) (!!!)

A

A dislodged clot that travels to the cerebral arteries

32
Q

What is hemorrhagic? (CVA) (!!!)

A

A blood vessel, such as cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs

33
Q

What are the primary symptoms of Parkinson Disease?

A

Stooped posture, shuffling gait, muscle stiffness (rigidity), and tremors (loss of motor control)

Medical Terminology Part 3 (22 decks)

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