Chapter 10 - Important Slides Part 2 Flashcards
The largest part of the brain is the “thinking” area called the ______
Cerebrum
What is the function of the Cerebrum?
Thinking, personality, sensations, movements, and memory.
What is the gyri (plural)? Singular = gyrus
Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution
What is the sulci (plural)? Singluar: sulcus
Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure.
What are the 4 major lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?
Thought, process, behavior, personality, and emotions.
What is the primary function of parietal lobe?
Body sensation, visual and spatial perceptions
What is the primary function of the occipital lobe?
Vision
What is the primary function of the temporal lobe?
Hearing, understanding speech, language
What is the Broca area?
Language expression
What is the Wernicke area?
Language comprehension
What is the thalamus?
- The triage center - decides what is important and not.
- Process and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.
- Control of awareness and consciousness.
What is the function of hypothalamus?
- Controls body temperature, sleep, appetite, sexual desire, and emotions.
- Controls the pituitary gland
- Monitors the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
What is the CSF?
Cerebrospinal fluid. The watery fluid that protects the brain and spinal cord form shock.
What makes up the brainstem?
Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
What is the function of cerebellum?
- Coordination of voluntary movements
2. Maintain balance and posture
What is the function of Pons and Midbrain?
Connection of nerves to eyes and face.
What are the primary functions of the medulla oblongata? (!!)
- Connects the spinal cord to the brain
- Neve fibers cross over, left to right, right to left
- Regulates: blood vessels, heart, and respiratory system
What is the spinal cord?
A column of nervous tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the L2 vertebra.
What does the gray matter contain?
Cell bodies and dendrites
What does the white matter contain?
Nerve fiber tracts with myelin sheaths
What are the meninges?
Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.
What is the order of the meninges on the brain?
Dura Mater (outermost) –> Subdural Space –> Arachnoid Membrane –> Subarachnoid Membrane –> Pia Mater (Innermost layer)
What is the dura mater of the meninges?
Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord.
What is the subdural space of the meninges?
Actual space between the dura mater and arachnoid layers
What is the arachnoid layer/membrane?
Spiderlike, thin, delicate layer attached to the pia mater by weblike filaments
What is the Subarachnoid Space of the meninges?
Space between the arachnoid and the pia mater, it contains the CSF that cushions the brain from the outside
What is the Pia Mater?
Soft mother, it is the innermost membrane layer and is applied directly to the surface of the brain and spinal cord.
What are the 3 types of strokes (cerebrovascular accident)?
- Thrombotic
- Embolic
- Hemorrahagic
What is thrombotic? (CVA) (!!!)
A blood clot in the arteries leading to the brain, resulting in occlusion (blocking) of the vessel.
What is embolic? (CVA) (!!!)
A dislodged clot that travels to the cerebral arteries
What is hemorrhagic? (CVA) (!!!)
A blood vessel, such as cerebral artery, breaks and bleeding occurs
What are the primary symptoms of Parkinson Disease?
Stooped posture, shuffling gait, muscle stiffness (rigidity), and tremors (loss of motor control)
