Chapter 11- Motivation And Emotion Flashcards
Abe Maslow (1970)
When people from western cultures experience unhappiness-
Deficiency orientation
(Seek happiness through materialistic things)
William James (1800s)
Activity in peripheral nervous system as cause of emotional experiences
(Peripheral theory)
Carl Lange
Emotion is experiencing a particular set of psychological responses
(James-Lange Theory)
Walter cannon
Cannon’s central theory (Cannon-Bard theory)
When the thalamus receives sensory info about emotional events/ situations, it sends signals to the autonomic nervous system and the cerebral cortex, where emotion becomes conscious
Stanley Schachter
Suggested that emotions we experience everyday are shaped partly by how we interpret the arousal we feel. (Schachter-Singer Theory)
Richard Lazarus
(Cognitive appraisal theory)
Differing reactions can be best explained by how we think an event will affect our well being
Charles Darwin (1872)
Observed some facial expressions seem universal. He proposed these expressions are biological
Motive
Def: reason or purpose for behavior
Ex: clean room for money
Instinctive behavior
Def: Innate, automatic dispositions towards responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus
Ex: Bird mating dance
Needs
Def: biological requirements for well-being that are created by an imbalance in homeostasis
Ex: hungry- need for food
Drive
Def: A psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that prompts an organism to take action to restore the balance and reduce the drive.
Ex: if you had no water for some time, the chemical balance of your body fluids is disturbed, creating a biological need for water
Primary drive
Def: Drives that arise from basic biological needs
Ex: food, water, sleep
Secondary Drive
Def: Drives that arise through learning and can be as motivating as primary drives
Ex: as people learn money buys them their basic needs, money becomes a secondary drive
Physiological Arousal
Def: A general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems
Ex: Adrenaline when riding a motorcycle
Hunger
Def: The general state of wanting to eat
Ex: biological need to increase calorie intake
Satiation
Def: The satisfaction of a need such as hunger
Ex: want to eat and finally get a hamburger
Satiety
Def: The condition of no longer wanting to eat
Ex: after we are satisfied, no longer hungry for a period of time
Sexual arousal
Def: Physiological responses that arise from sexual contact or erotic thoughts
Sexual response cycle
Def: The pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity
Cycle more complex in women than in men
Sex hormones
Def: Chemicals in the blood of males and females that have both organizational and activational effects on sexual behavior
Estrogen
Def: Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both men and women.
More estrogen circulate in women than in men. Is what makes them women and helps in reproduction
Progestational hormones
Def: Sex hormones that circulate in the blood stream of both men and women. Aka progestins. More progestins circulate in women than in men.
This and estrogen generally stimulate females sexual interest
Androgens
Def: Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream in both sexes. More androgens circulate in men than in women
Raises male sexual interest
Sexual orientation
Nature of a person’s enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others
Heterosexuality
Sexual motivation that is focused on members of other sex
Homosexuality
Sexual motivation that is focused on members of ones own sex
Bisexuality
Sexual motivation that is focused on members of both sexes
Well being
Def: combination of judgement of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods/emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions. Aka
Subjective well-being!
Emotions
Def: Transitory positive or negative experiences that are felt as happening to the self, are generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation, and are accompanied by both learned and innate physical responses
Ex: CNS- limbic system, cerebral cortex, hemispheres, amygdala, etc. generate emotions
Cognitive appraisal theory
Def: differing reactions to emotions can be best explained by how we think scores, jobs, etc will affect our personal well-being
Excitation transfer model
Def: theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhances emotional experience in an independent situation.
Ex: people aroused by physical exercise become more angry when provoked
Conceptual act model
(Sensitization)
Of emotion… core affect- pleasant or unpleasant feelings- is distinguished from emotion. Emotion results when we attach our feelings a category label- such as guilt, shame, anger, or resentment- that our culture and language has taught us to use.
Different parts of brain trigger different emotional responses!!
