Chapter 11- Motivation And Emotion

Question 1

Abe Maslow (1970)

Answer 1

When people from western cultures experience unhappiness-
Deficiency orientation
(Seek happiness through materialistic things)

Question 2

William James (1800s)

Answer 2

Activity in peripheral nervous system as cause of emotional experiences
(Peripheral theory)

Question 3

Carl Lange

Answer 3

Emotion is experiencing a particular set of psychological responses
(James-Lange Theory)

Question 4

Walter cannon

Answer 4

Cannon’s central theory (Cannon-Bard theory)
When the thalamus receives sensory info about emotional events/ situations, it sends signals to the autonomic nervous system and the cerebral cortex, where emotion becomes conscious

Question 5

Stanley Schachter

Answer 5

Suggested that emotions we experience everyday are shaped partly by how we interpret the arousal we feel. (Schachter-Singer Theory)

Question 6

Richard Lazarus

Answer 6

(Cognitive appraisal theory)

Differing reactions can be best explained by how we think an event will affect our well being

Question 7

Charles Darwin (1872)

Answer 7

Observed some facial expressions seem universal. He proposed these expressions are biological

Question 8

Motive

Answer 8

Def: reason or purpose for behavior

Ex: clean room for money

Question 9

Instinctive behavior

Answer 9

Def: Innate, automatic dispositions towards responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus

Ex: Bird mating dance

Question 10

Needs

Answer 10

Def: biological requirements for well-being that are created by an imbalance in homeostasis

Ex: hungry- need for food

Question 11

Drive

Answer 11

Def: A psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that prompts an organism to take action to restore the balance and reduce the drive.

Ex: if you had no water for some time, the chemical balance of your body fluids is disturbed, creating a biological need for water

Question 12

Primary drive

Answer 12

Def: Drives that arise from basic biological needs

Ex: food, water, sleep

Question 13

Secondary Drive

Answer 13

Def: Drives that arise through learning and can be as motivating as primary drives

Ex: as people learn money buys them their basic needs, money becomes a secondary drive

Question 14

Physiological Arousal

Answer 14

Def: A general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems

Ex: Adrenaline when riding a motorcycle

Question 15

Hunger

Answer 15

Def: The general state of wanting to eat

Ex: biological need to increase calorie intake

Question 16

Satiation

Answer 16

Def: The satisfaction of a need such as hunger

Ex: want to eat and finally get a hamburger

Question 17

Satiety

Answer 17

Def: The condition of no longer wanting to eat

Ex: after we are satisfied, no longer hungry for a period of time

Question 18

Sexual arousal

Answer 18

Def: Physiological responses that arise from sexual contact or erotic thoughts

Question 19

Sexual response cycle

Answer 19

Def: The pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity

Cycle more complex in women than in men

Question 20

Sex hormones

Answer 20

Def: Chemicals in the blood of males and females that have both organizational and activational effects on sexual behavior

Question 21

Estrogen

Answer 21

Def: Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream of both men and women.
More estrogen circulate in women than in men. Is what makes them women and helps in reproduction

Question 22

Progestational hormones

Answer 22

Def: Sex hormones that circulate in the blood stream of both men and women. Aka progestins. More progestins circulate in women than in men.

This and estrogen generally stimulate females sexual interest

Question 23

Androgens

Answer 23

Def: Sex hormones that circulate in the bloodstream in both sexes. More androgens circulate in men than in women

Raises male sexual interest

Question 24

Sexual orientation

Answer 24

Nature of a person’s enduring emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others

Question 25

Heterosexuality

Answer 25

Sexual motivation that is focused on members of other sex

Question 26

Homosexuality

Answer 26

Sexual motivation that is focused on members of ones own sex

Question 27

Bisexuality

Answer 27

Sexual motivation that is focused on members of both sexes

Question 28

Well being

Answer 28

Def: combination of judgement of satisfaction with life, the frequent experiencing of positive moods/emotions, and the relatively infrequent experiencing of unpleasant moods and emotions. Aka

Subjective well-being!

Question 29

Emotions

Answer 29

Def: Transitory positive or negative experiences that are felt as happening to the self, are generated in part by cognitive appraisal of a situation, and are accompanied by both learned and innate physical responses

Ex: CNS- limbic system, cerebral cortex, hemispheres, amygdala, etc. generate emotions

Question 30

Cognitive appraisal theory

Answer 30

Def: differing reactions to emotions can be best explained by how we think scores, jobs, etc will affect our personal well-being

Question 31

Excitation transfer model

Answer 31

Def: theory that physiological arousal stemming from one situation is carried over to and enhances emotional experience in an independent situation.

Ex: people aroused by physical exercise become more angry when provoked

Question 32

Conceptual act model

Answer 32

(Sensitization)
Of emotion… core affect- pleasant or unpleasant feelings- is distinguished from emotion. Emotion results when we attach our feelings a category label- such as guilt, shame, anger, or resentment- that our culture and language has taught us to use.

Different parts of brain trigger different emotional responses!!