Chapter 1: schools and perspectives

Question 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 1

Established first psychology research lab in Germany (1879)

1879- official “birth date” of psychology

Studied consciousness through introspection

Question 2

Edward Titchener

Answer 2

Student of Wundt’s.

Used introspection and studied basic elements of consciousness

Approached studies structuralism, trying to define the STRUCTURE of consciousness

Question 3

Max Wertheimer

Answer 3

Argued against Wundt’s efforts to break down consciousness

Were called GESTALT PSYCHOLOGISTS

Pointed out phi phenomenon by an experiment with 2 lights that go on and off at the right sequence would appear to jump rather than be separate lights

Question 4

Sigmund Freud

Answer 4

Explored unconscious and believed all behavior and mental processes have a physical cause somewhere in the nervous system

Psychoanalysis! But not accepted ideas

Question 5

William James

Answer 5

In accordance to Charles Darwin. Wanted to know how mental events help us adapt to our environment.

FUNCTIONALISM

Question 6

John Watson

Answer 6

Believed observable behavior of animals and humans is the most important source of scientific info.

Classical conditioning- Baby Albert!!

BEHAVIORISM

Question 7

Charles Darwin

Answer 7

He argues that the forms of life we see are due to evolution

EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH

Natural selection

Question 8

Charles Rogers

Answer 8

Rejected the psychodynamic approach and emphasized the

ACTUALIZING TENDENCY- innate inclination towards fulfillment

Question 9

Abe Maslow

Answer 9

This psychologist shaped and promoted the HUMANISTIC approach through the Hierarchy of needs theory of motivation

Question 10

Hierarchy of needs theory of motivation

Answer 10

Physiological 
Safety 
Belongingness and love 
Esteem 
Self actualization

Question 11

Psychology

Answer 11

The study of the brain and human behavior

Question 12

Biological psychologists

Answer 12

Psychologists who analyze the biological factors that influence behavior and mental processes

Question 13

Cognitive psychologists

Answer 13

Psychologists who study the mental processes underlying judgement and other aspects of human thought

Question 14

Developmental psychologists

Answer 14

Psychologists who seek to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a lifetime

Question 15

Personality psychologists

Answer 15

Psychologist who study the characteristics that make individuals similar to or different from one another

Question 16

Clinical and counseling psychologists

Answer 16

Psychologists who seek to understand and change abnormal behavior

Ex: will conduct research on the causes and treatments of mental disorders

Question 17

Community psychologists

Answer 17

Psychologists who work to obtain psychological services for people in need of help and to prevent psychological disorders by working for changes in social systems

Ex: will work with local organizations to lower crime, poverty, stress, and improve local schools

Question 18

Health psychologists

Answer 18

Study the effects of behavior and mental processes on health and illness

Ex: connection between smoking and heart disease

Question 19

School psychologists

Answer 19

Tests IQ, diagnose students academic problems, set up programs to improve students achievement

Ex: mentorship programs

Question 20

Social psychologists

Answer 20

Study how people influence one another’s behaviors and mental processes individually and in groups.

Ex: prejudice

Question 21

Industrial and Organizational psychologists

Answer 21

Study ways to improve efficiency, productivity, and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them.

Ex: training programs or goal setting

Question 22

Quantitative psychologists

Answer 22

Develop and use statistical tools to analyze research data

Ex: relationship between experiences and adult behaviors

Question 23

Sport psychologists

Answer 23

Explore the relationships between athletic performance and motivation/ emotion.

Ex: Kaya with wrestling

Question 24

Forensic psychologists

Answer 24

Assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants’ mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law