Chapter 11: Middle Childhood- Biosocial Development Flashcards
Childhood Overweight
Defined as BMI for children above 85th percentile of weight.
Childhood Obesity
Child with BMI above 95th percentile of weight.
Asthma
Chronic inflammatory disorder that can make it difficult to breath.
Reaction Time
Time it takes to respond to a stimulus.
Selective Attention
Able to concentrate on some stimuli and not other stimuli.
Automatization
Repetition of thoughts and actions makes a routine, no longer taking long trains of thought to do. This could be second-nature.
Aptitude
Master a skill or learn a body of knowledge.
Achievement Test
Measure of mastery in all core subjects of school.
Flynn Effect
Rise in IQ scores occurring over time in many nations.
Multiple Intelligences
Human intelligence is composed of a set of abilities rather than one ability.
Developmental Psychopathology
Field using insights into development to understand developmental disorders.
Comorbid
Two or more unrelated disease conditions at the same time and same person.
Multifinality
Developmental psychopathology that holds one cause can have many final causes.
Equifinality
Developmental psychopathology that holds that one symptom can have many causes.
ADHD
Condition brought by inattention or by impulsive behaviors, this interferes with development.
Specific Learning Disorder
Place of learning where its deficit is not marked by physical disability, by an intellectual disability, or by a stressful home environment.
Dyslexia
Difficulty with reading, most diagnosed learning disorder.
Dyscalculia
Difficulty with math, usually diagnosed from a distinct part of the brain.
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Trouble with communication and social interaction, difficulty seeing things from another person’s point of view.
Neurodiversity
People have diverse brain structures. Each person has strengths and weaknesses in brain structure.
Least Restrictive Environment
Children with special needs going to an easier educational environment to learn.
Response to Intervention
Strategy to help below-average students achieve early in grades using intervention.
Individual Education Plan
Document giving goals and plans for child with special needs.
Acceleration
Educating gifted children alongside other children of the same mental age.
Middle Childhood
Ages 6-11, period between childhood and adolescence.
Overall Health
- Healthiest period of lifespan is during ages 6-11 in middle childhood.
- These are safeguarded by genetic and environmental factors.
Slower Growth
- Growth becomes slow and steady.
- Self-care skills are well-developed by this time.
Greater Strength
- Muscles are stronger including heart and lungs.
- Children run faster and exercise longer.
- Children can master any motor skills not requiring adult-sized bodies.
Physical Activity (Pros)
- Better overall health- less obesity and additional activities.
- Improves problem-solving abilities.
- Teaches cooperation, fair play, and teamwork- even from a diverse background.
Physical Activity (Cons)
- Loss of self-esteem- like being picked last.
- Injuries- concussions are serious.
- Children left out- low-income households and disabilities.
- Increased stress.
Neighborhood Games
- Flexible play with no adult intrusion.
- Active and interactive.
- Teaches ethics.
Exercise in School
School time spent exercising is declining: less recess, phys. ed. has less activity, also replaced with reading and math.
Recess Trends
- 1/3 of U.S. children has less than 15 minutes of recess a day.
- Children learn better with recess.
- Recess decreases obesity and increases social skills.
- Many schools have no recess.
